Psychoactive drugs
Psychoactive drugs
Psychoactive drugs, also known as psychotropics, are substances that can alter the consciousness, mood, and thoughts of those who take them. They are used in the treatment of mental disorders, but can also be used recreationally and can potentially lead to addiction or substance abuse.
Pronunciation
Psychoactive: /ˌsaɪkoʊˈæktɪv/ Drugs: /drʌɡz/
Etymology
The term "psychoactive" comes from the Greek words "psyche", meaning mind or soul, and "aktos", meaning put in motion. It refers to the drug's ability to affect the mind or mental processes. The term "drug" comes from the Old French "drogue", possibly derived from the Middle Dutch word for "dry", as medicinal substances were often dried for preservation.
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive drugs can be classified into several categories, including:
- Stimulants: These drugs increase activity in the central nervous system. Examples include caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines.
- Depressants: These drugs decrease activity in the central nervous system. Examples include alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.
- Hallucinogens: These drugs alter perception and can cause hallucinations. Examples include LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.
- Opioids: These drugs produce a sense of euphoria and are often used for pain relief. Examples include morphine, heroin, and oxycodone.
- Cannabis: This drug has both hallucinogenic and depressant effects.
Related Terms
- Addiction: A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences.
- Substance abuse: The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs.
- Withdrawal: The group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
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