Drug policy of Portugal

Drug overdose death rates for European countries

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Drug policy of Portugal

The Drug policy of Portugal is notable for its decriminalization of the possession of all drugs for personal use. Implemented in 2001, this policy was a response to the country's drug crisis in the 1990s. The primary objective of Portugal's drug policy is to treat drug use as a public health issue rather than a criminal one. This article provides an overview of the key elements of Portugal's drug policy, its implementation, and its impacts.

Background

In the late 20th century, Portugal faced a severe drug crisis. The country had one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS among drug users in Europe. The crisis was exacerbated by the lack of effective drug policies and the criminalization of drug users, which hindered individuals from seeking help due to fear of prosecution.

Decriminalization

In July 2001, Portugal took a radical step by decriminalizing the possession of all drugs for personal use. Under the new law, drug possession for personal use is treated as an administrative offense, similar to a traffic violation. The law defines "personal use" as the amount of a drug that one person can consume over a 10-day period, with specific quantities outlined for different substances.

Drug Commissions

A key component of Portugal's drug policy is the creation of "Dissuasion Commissions" or "Commissions for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction" (CDTs). These commissions are multidisciplinary panels consisting of legal, health, and social work professionals. Individuals caught with drugs for personal use are referred to these commissions, which assess the individual's drug use and determine the most appropriate response. This can range from no penalty at all to warnings, fines, or treatment recommendations.

Impact

The impact of Portugal's drug policy has been the subject of much international attention and debate. Studies have shown a decrease in new HIV infections among drug users, a reduction in drug-related deaths, and a decrease in the overall prevalence of drug use among adolescents. Furthermore, the decriminalization has led to an increase in the number of people seeking treatment for drug addiction.

Criticism and Challenges

Despite its successes, Portugal's drug policy has faced criticism. Some argue that decriminalization may send a message that drug use is acceptable, potentially leading to increased consumption. Others point to the ongoing challenges of addressing drug trafficking and the need for continuous investment in treatment and harm reduction services.

Conclusion

Portugal's approach to drug policy, with its focus on decriminalization and treating drug use as a public health issue, represents a significant shift from traditional drug enforcement strategies. While challenges remain, the positive outcomes observed in Portugal provide valuable insights for other countries grappling with similar issues.

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