Hyoscyamus niger

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Hyoscyamus niger

Hyoscyamus niger (pronunciation: /haɪ.əˈsaɪ.əməs ˈnaɪdʒər/), commonly known as henbane or stinking nightshade, is a plant species native to Eurasia and North Africa. It belongs to the family Solanaceae, which also includes other well-known plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants.

Etymology

The genus name Hyoscyamus is derived from the Greek words "hyos" (pig) and "kyamos" (bean), referring to the plant's use as pig fodder in ancient times. The species name niger is Latin for "black", likely referring to the plant's dark seeds.

Description

Hyoscyamus niger is a biennial or perennial plant, growing up to 1 meter in height. It has a foul smell, hence the common name "stinking nightshade". The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or sinuate. The flowers are solitary, axillary, and bell-shaped, with a yellowish or purplish color. The fruit is a capsule.

Medical Uses

Historically, Hyoscyamus niger has been used in traditional medicine for its sedative and antispasmodic properties. It contains several alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which have a strong anticholinergic effect. However, due to its high toxicity, it is rarely used today.

Related Terms

  • Solanaceae: The plant family to which Hyoscyamus niger belongs.
  • Hyoscyamine: An alkaloid found in Hyoscyamus niger and other plants in the Solanaceae family.
  • Scopolamine: Another alkaloid found in Hyoscyamus niger.

External links

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