Desomorphine
Desomorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid that was first synthesized and patented by a German team working for Knoll in 1920. However, it was not broadly acknowledged until its synthesis in 1932 by Lyndon Frederick Small in the United States. He also successfully secured a US patent for it in 1934.[1]
Pharmacological Profile
Desomorphine is an extremely potent and rapidly acting opioid analgesic, generally regarded as being eight to ten times more potent than morphine on a dose-by-dose basis. Its potent analgesic effect, quick onset, and relatively short duration of action made it particularly suitable for certain types of pain management scenarios.[2]
Commercialization
This semi-synthetic opioid was marketed under the brand name Permonid in Switzerland, where it was recognized for its rapid onset and brief duration of action. Another notable characteristic of Desomorphine was its ability to cause less nausea than equivalent doses of morphine, making it a preferred choice in some clinical scenarios.[3]
Potential Risks and Misuse
As with other opioids, desomorphine has a high potential for misuse and dependency. It can also lead to severe health issues including respiratory depression and constipation, and in the case of intravenous misuse, severe skin damage and infections.[4]
Legality and Control
Given its potential for misuse and the associated health risks, desomorphine is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States and is listed under similar categories in other countries.[5]
References
- ↑ Small, LF, The Alkaloids of Isatis tinctoria L., Isatis indigotica Fort., Polygonum tinctorium Ait., and Polygonum hydropiper L. (Preliminary Report), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1932, Vol. 54(Issue: 5), pp. 1912–1915, DOI: 10.1021/ja01343a042,
- ↑ Otto, HC, The clinical use of desomorphine and desocodeine, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1951, Vol. 5(Issue: 3), pp. 303–315,
- ↑ E, Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs, Netherlands:Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-90-481-2448-0,
- ↑ Grund, J.P., Breaking worse: The emergence of krokodil and excessive injuries among people who inject drugs in Eurasia, International Journal of Drug Policy, 2013, Vol. 24(Issue: 4), pp. 265–274, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.04.007,
- ↑ Controlled Substances - Alphabetical Order(link). {{{website}}}. U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration.
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