Xorphanol

Xorphanol is a semi-synthetic opioid that was developed in the late 1970s. It is a potent analgesic drug that is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Xorphanol is derived from thebaine, a naturally occurring opioid found in the opium poppy.

Chemistry

Xorphanol is a semi-synthetic opioid, meaning it is synthesized from a naturally occurring opioid, in this case, thebaine. The chemical structure of xorphanol is similar to that of other opioids, with a core structure of a phenanthrene molecule. The chemical name for xorphanol is 3-hydroxy-17-methylmorphinan.

Pharmacology

Xorphanol acts primarily on the mu-opioid receptor, which is responsible for the drug's analgesic effects. It also has some activity at the kappa-opioid receptor, which may contribute to its analgesic effects and side effects. Xorphanol is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.

Medical uses

Xorphanol is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is typically administered orally, but can also be given by injection. The drug has a rapid onset of action, with pain relief typically occurring within 15 to 30 minutes of administration.

Side effects

Like all opioids, xorphanol can cause a range of side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.

See also

• Opioid
• Thebaine
• Mu-opioid receptor
• Kappa-opioid receptor

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