Anadenanthera peregrina

Anadenanthera_peregrina

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  Anadenanthera peregrina tree

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  Anadenanthera peregrina botanical illustration

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  Yopo seeds

Anadenanthera peregrina

Anadenanthera peregrina, commonly known as yopo, jopo, or cohoba, is a perennial tree native to the Caribbean and South America. It belongs to the family Fabaceae, which is the same family as peas and beans. This tree is notable for its traditional use by indigenous peoples in the preparation of psychoactive snuff.

Description

Anadenanthera peregrina is a medium-sized tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. It has a straight trunk and a broad, spreading canopy. The leaves are bipinnate, meaning they are divided into smaller leaflets arranged on either side of a common axis. The tree produces small, spherical flowers that are yellow to white in color, and these are followed by flat, brown seed pods.

Distribution and Habitat

Anadenanthera peregrina is found in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, including countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, and the Caribbean. It typically grows in savannas, open woodlands, and along riverbanks. The tree is well adapted to a variety of soil types and can tolerate both dry and wet conditions.

Traditional Uses

The seeds of Anadenanthera peregrina are used to make a psychoactive snuff known as yopo or cohoba. Indigenous peoples, such as the Yanomami and Taino, have used this snuff in shamanic rituals for centuries. The seeds are roasted, ground into a fine powder, and then mixed with other ingredients such as lime or ash. The resulting snuff is inhaled through the nose using a tube or pipe.

Chemical Composition

The seeds of Anadenanthera peregrina contain several psychoactive compounds, including DMT (dimethyltryptamine) and bufotenin. These compounds are responsible for the hallucinogenic effects experienced when the snuff is used. DMT is a powerful psychedelic compound that is also found in other plants used in traditional medicine, such as Psychotria viridis.

Cultural Significance

Anadenanthera peregrina holds significant cultural importance for many indigenous groups in South America. The use of yopo snuff is often associated with spiritual and healing practices. It is believed to facilitate communication with the spirit world and to provide insights and guidance.

Conservation Status

While Anadenanthera peregrina is not currently listed as endangered, its habitat is threatened by deforestation and land conversion for agriculture. Conservation efforts are important to preserve both the tree and the cultural practices associated with it.

Related Pages

• Fabaceae
• DMT
• Psychoactive plants
• Indigenous peoples of the Americas