Enviomycin
Enviomycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of tuberculosis (TB) drugs known as aminoglycosides. It is primarily used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
History
Enviomycin was first isolated in 1953 from the bacterium Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus. It was initially used as a second-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, particularly in cases where first-line drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin were ineffective.
Mechanism of Action
Enviomycin works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial cell, inhibiting protein synthesis. This prevents the bacteria from growing and multiplying, eventually leading to their death.
Side Effects
Like other aminoglycosides, enviromycin can cause ototoxicity (damage to the ear) and nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys). These side effects are dose-dependent and can be monitored through regular blood tests.
Resistance
Resistance to enviromycin can occur through various mechanisms, including modification of the drug by bacterial enzymes, alteration of the drug's target site, and decreased uptake of the drug by the bacterial cell.
See Also
References
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
