Panipenem

Panipenem.svg

Panipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is often combined with betamipron to prevent nephrotoxicity, a common side effect associated with carbapenem antibiotics.

Mechanism of Action

Panipenem works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the synthesis of the cell wall. This binding inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus leading to cell lysis and death.

Clinical Uses

Panipenem is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections

Pharmacokinetics

Panipenem is administered intravenously. It is rapidly distributed throughout the body and has a high affinity for tissues. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Panipenem include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Nephrotoxicity (when not combined with betamipron)

Precautions

Patients with a history of allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics should use Panipenem with caution. It is also important to monitor kidney function during treatment due to the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Combination with Betamipron

Betamipron is co-administered with Panipenem to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity. Betamipron works by inhibiting the renal uptake of Panipenem, thereby reducing its concentration in the kidneys and minimizing potential damage.

See Also

• Carbapenem
• Antibiotic
• Bacterial cell wall
• Penicillin-binding proteins
• Nephrotoxicity

External Links

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