Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity (pronounced: neh-froh-tox-ih-city) is a term used in the field of medicine to describe the toxic effect of certain substances on the kidney. It is derived from the Greek words 'nephros' meaning kidney and 'toxicity' meaning the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals.
Definition
Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage which can be caused by chemicals, toxins, or medications that are harmful to the kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and regulating fluid balance in the body. When these organs are damaged, they may not function properly, leading to various health problems.
Causes
The most common causes of nephrotoxicity are certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and radiographic contrast media. Other potential causes include exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, such as heavy metals or organic solvents.
Symptoms
Symptoms of nephrotoxicity can vary depending on the cause and severity of kidney damage. They may include decreased urine output, fluid retention, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, and confusion. In severe cases, nephrotoxicity can lead to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.
Treatment
Treatment for nephrotoxicity typically involves identifying and discontinuing the use of the nephrotoxic substance, if possible. In some cases, medications may be used to help manage symptoms and prevent further kidney damage. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for nephrotoxicity may include avoiding or limiting exposure to nephrotoxic substances, using medications as directed, and maintaining good overall health through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nephrotoxicity
- Wikipedia's article - Nephrotoxicity
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