Isoniazid
Isoniazid
Isoniazid (pronounced /aɪˈsoʊnɪəzɪd/), also known as INH, is an antibiotic used primarily as a tuberculosis treatment.
Etymology
The term "Isoniazid" is derived from its chemical name, isonicotinylhydrazide. It was first synthesized in the 1950s as part of a concerted effort to find more effective treatments for tuberculosis.
Usage
Isoniazid is used alone or with other drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) and to prevent it in those who have had contact with tuberculosis bacteria. It is a first-line medication for active tuberculosis. It is usually taken by mouth but can be used by injection into a muscle.
Mechanism of Action
Isoniazid works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By disrupting the formation of this cell wall component, isoniazid weakens the bacteria and allows the body's immune system to eliminate them.
Side Effects
Common side effects include numbness, tingling, and burning in the hands and feet. Serious side effects may include liver inflammation. For those with active tuberculosis, it is often given together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Isoniazid
- Wikipedia's article - Isoniazid
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