Netilmicin

Netilmicin_structure.svg

Netilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, which is produced by the bacterium Micromonospora inyoensis. Netilmicin is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria and is often used in cases where other antibiotics are ineffective.

Mechanism of Action

Netilmicin works by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, causing a misreading of mRNA and inhibiting protein synthesis. This action ultimately leads to bacterial cell death. The antibiotic is bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria rather than merely inhibiting their growth.

Clinical Uses

Netilmicin is used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, including:

• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Sepsis
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections

Administration and Dosage

Netilmicin is typically administered via intravenous or intramuscular injection. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's renal function.

Side Effects

Common side effects of netilmicin include:

• Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
• Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
• Neuromuscular blockade
• Allergic reactions

Precautions

Patients with pre-existing kidney conditions or hearing loss should use netilmicin with caution. Regular monitoring of kidney function and hearing is recommended during treatment.

Resistance

Bacterial resistance to netilmicin can occur through various mechanisms, including the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, changes in the bacterial ribosome, and decreased uptake of the drug.

Related Antibiotics

• Gentamicin
• Tobramycin
• Amikacin
• Streptomycin

See Also

• Antibiotic resistance
• Aminoglycoside antibiotics
• Bacterial infections

External Links

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