Sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine is a sulfonamide antibiotic used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat or prevent malaria. This combination is also used to treat various types of parasitic infections. Sulfadoxine works by inhibiting the growth of the parasites that cause malaria.
Mechanism of action
Sulfadoxine inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of folic acid. Folic acid is necessary for the growth and reproduction of malaria parasites. By inhibiting this enzyme, sulfadoxine prevents the parasites from multiplying and spreading in the body.
Side effects
Common side effects of sulfadoxine include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions, liver problems, and blood disorders.
Contraindications
Sulfadoxine should not be used in people with a known allergy to sulfonamides or in those with severe liver or kidney disease. It should also not be used in pregnant women close to term or in nursing mothers, as it can cause jaundice in the newborn.
Interactions
Sulfadoxine may interact with other medications, including warfarin, phenytoin, and methotrexate. These interactions can increase the risk of side effects or decrease the effectiveness of the medications.
History
Sulfadoxine was first synthesized in the 1960s and has been used in the treatment of malaria since then. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
See also
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