Sparsomycin
Sparsomycin is an antibiotic that was first isolated from the Streptomyces species. It is known for its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, making it a valuable tool in the study of bacterial genetics and molecular biology.
History
Sparsomycin was first discovered in the 1960s during a screening for new antibiotics. It was isolated from a strain of Streptomyces sparsogenes, a species of soil bacteria known for producing a wide variety of antibiotics. The name "sparsomycin" is derived from the Latin sparsus, meaning "scattered", and myces, meaning "fungus", in reference to the scattered growth pattern of the producing organism.
Mechanism of Action
Sparsomycin acts by binding to the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Specifically, it binds to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome, preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. This effectively halts protein synthesis, leading to cell death.
Applications
Due to its potent inhibitory effect on protein synthesis, sparsomycin has been used extensively in research to study the process of protein synthesis and the structure and function of the ribosome. It has also been investigated as a potential chemotherapeutic agent, due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells. However, its high toxicity and lack of selectivity have limited its use in clinical settings.
Toxicity
Sparsomycin is highly toxic, with side effects including nausea, vomiting, and hair loss. It is also known to cause damage to the kidney and liver. Due to these side effects, and its lack of selectivity in targeting cancer cells, sparsomycin is not currently used in clinical practice.
See Also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
