Rebeccamycin

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Rebeccamycin is a naturally occurring indolocarbazole antibiotic that was first isolated from the actinomycete Nocardia autotrophica. It is named after Rebecca Lancefield, a prominent microbiologist. Rebeccamycin has been studied for its potential use in cancer treatment due to its ability to inhibit topoisomerase I, an enzyme that is crucial for DNA replication.

History

Rebeccamycin was first isolated in 1985 from the actinomycete Nocardia autotrophica. The compound was named in honor of Rebecca Lancefield, a microbiologist known for her work on streptococci and staphylococci.

Structure and Properties

Rebeccamycin is an indolocarbazole, a type of molecule that consists of two indole rings fused to a carbazole. The molecule also contains a sugar moiety, L-dideoxyfucose, attached to the carbazole nitrogen. The presence of the sugar moiety increases the solubility of rebeccamycin in water.

Biological Activity

Rebeccamycin has been found to inhibit topoisomerase I, an enzyme that is essential for DNA replication. By inhibiting this enzyme, rebeccamycin can prevent cancer cells from replicating their DNA and thus halt their growth. This has led to interest in rebeccamycin as a potential anticancer drug.

Clinical Trials

Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rebeccamycin as a cancer treatment. While some trials have shown promising results, others have found that the drug has significant side effects and its overall effectiveness is still uncertain.

See Also

References


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Types of antibacterials
Antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis (J01A, J01B, J01F, J01G, QJ01XQ)
30S
50S
Oxazolidinone (initiation inhibitors)
Peptidyl transferase
MLS (transpeptidation/translocation)
Antibacterials active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)
β-lactams
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)
Penicillins (Penams)
Narrow
spectrum
Extended
spectrum
Carbapenems / Penems
Cephems
Cephalosporins
Cephamycins
Carbacephems
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
Monobactams
β-lactamase inhibitors
Polypeptides
Lipopeptides
- Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization: Daptomycin - Surfactin
Other
- Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking: Ramoplanin§
Intracellular
- Inhibit PG subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)

- DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)

- bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)
Other
- Hydrolyze NAM-NAG

- - lysozyme - Tyrothricin - - Gramicidin - - Tyrocidine - Isoniazid#

- Teixobactin


Antibacterials that inhibit nucleic acid (J01E, J01M)
Antifolates
(inhibit bacterial
purine metabolism,
inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis)

DHFR inhibitors - 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine (Brodimoprim - Iclaprim - Ormetoprim - Pyrimethamine - Tetroxoprim - Trimethoprim)
Sulfonamides (DHPS inhibitors)
Short-acting - Sulfisomidine - Sulfamethizole - Sulfadimidine (Sulfamethazine - Sulfadimerazine - Sulfadimezine) - Sulfapyridine (Sulfasalazine) - Sulfafurazole (Acetyl sulfisoxazole) - Sulfanilamide (Prontosil) - Sulfathiazole (Phthalylsulfathiazole - Succinylsulfathiazole) - Sulfathiourea

Intermediate-acting - Sulfamethoxazole - Sulfadiazine - Sulfamoxole

Long-acting - Sulfadimethoxine - Sulfadoxine - Sulfalene - Sulfametomidine - Sulfametoxydiazine - Sulfamethoxypyridazine - Sulfaperin - Sulfamerazine - Sulfaphenazole - Sulfamazone

Other/ungrouped - Mafenide - Sulfacetamide - Sulfaclozine - Sulfadicramide - Sulfaguanidine - Sulfametrole - Sulfanitran

Combinations - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine - Pyrimethamine/dapsone - Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine

Other DHPS inhibitors - Acediasulfone - Dapsone - Solasulfone - Sulfoxone

Quinolones
(inhibit topoisomerase/DNA gyrase)

1st Generation - Cinoxacin - Flumequine - Nalidixic acid - Oxolinic acid - Pipemidic acid - Piromidic acid - Rosoxacin

Fluoroquinolones
2nd Gen - Ciprofloxacin - Ofloxacin - Enoxacin - Fleroxacin - Lomefloxacin - Nadifloxacin - Levonadifloxacin - Alalevonadifloxacin - Norfloxacin - Pefloxacin - Rufloxacin

3rd Gen - Levofloxacin - Balofloxacin - Grepafloxacin - Pazufloxacin - Sparfloxacin - Temafloxacin - Tosufloxacin

4th Gen - Besifloxacin - Delafloxacin - Gatifloxacin - Finafloxacin - Gemifloxacin - Moxifloxacin - Clinafloxacin - Garenoxacin - Prulifloxacin - Sitafloxacin - Trovafloxacin - Alatrofloxacin

Veterinary use - Danofloxacin - Difloxacin - Enrofloxacin - Ibafloxacin - Marbofloxacin - Orbifloxacin - Pradofloxacin - Sarafloxacin

Newer non-fluorinated - Nemonoxacin - Ozenoxacin Related (DNA gyrase) - Aminocoumarins (Novobiocin)

Anaerobic DNA inhibitors

Nitroimidazole derivatives - Secnidazole

RNA synthesis inhibitors

Rifamycins - Rifampicin - Rifabutin - Rifapentine - Rifaximin - Rifalazil
Lipiarmycins - Fidaxomicin


Antibacterials: others (J01X, D06AX)
Other/ungrouped


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