Monobactams
Monobactams (pronunciation: /ˌmɒnəʊˈbæktəmz/) are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that are structurally different from other beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. They are characterized by a monocyclic beta-lactam ring, hence the name 'monobactam'.
Etymology
The term 'monobactam' is derived from the Greek words 'mono' meaning 'one' and 'baktērion' meaning 'small rod', referring to the single ring structure of these antibiotics and their bactericidal properties.
Pharmacology
Monobactams are bactericidal and work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death. They are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most commonly used monobactam in clinical practice is Aztreonam.
Clinical Use
Monobactams are used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, including urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, intra-abdominal infections, and gynecologic infections. They are also used in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to other types of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Side Effects
Common side effects of monobactams include rash, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious side effects can include hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
See Also
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