Sulfabenzamide

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Sulfabenzamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic that is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. It is part of a class of drugs known as antibiotics, which work by stopping the growth of bacteria.

History

Sulfabenzamide was first synthesized in the 1930s as part of a series of compounds known as sulfonamides. These were some of the first effective systemic antibacterial agents.

Medical uses

Sulfabenzamide is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is often used in combination with other antibiotics, such as sulfacetamide and sulfathiazole, in a topical cream. This combination is used to treat bacterial skin infections, such as impetigo and secondary skin infections.

Mechanism of action

Sulfabenzamide, like other sulfonamides, works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is necessary for the synthesis of folic acid. Bacteria need folic acid to survive and reproduce, so by inhibiting this enzyme, sulfabenzamide effectively kills bacteria.

Side effects

Common side effects of sulfabenzamide include skin irritation, redness, and swelling. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects, such as severe allergic reactions.

See also

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Types of antibacterials
Antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis (J01A, J01B, J01F, J01G, QJ01XQ)
30S
50S
Oxazolidinone (initiation inhibitors)
Peptidyl transferase
MLS (transpeptidation/translocation)
Antibacterials active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)
β-lactams
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)
Penicillins (Penams)
Narrow
spectrum
Extended
spectrum
Carbapenems / Penems
Cephems
Cephalosporins
Cephamycins
Carbacephems
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
Monobactams
β-lactamase inhibitors
Polypeptides
Lipopeptides
- Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization: Daptomycin - Surfactin
Other
- Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking: Ramoplanin§
Intracellular
- Inhibit PG subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)

- DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)

- bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)
Other
- Hydrolyze NAM-NAG

- - lysozyme - Tyrothricin - - Gramicidin - - Tyrocidine - Isoniazid#

- Teixobactin


Antibacterials that inhibit nucleic acid (J01E, J01M)
Antifolates
(inhibit bacterial
purine metabolism,
inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis)

DHFR inhibitors - 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine (Brodimoprim - Iclaprim - Ormetoprim - Pyrimethamine - Tetroxoprim - Trimethoprim)
Sulfonamides (DHPS inhibitors)
Short-acting - Sulfisomidine - Sulfamethizole - Sulfadimidine (Sulfamethazine - Sulfadimerazine - Sulfadimezine) - Sulfapyridine (Sulfasalazine) - Sulfafurazole (Acetyl sulfisoxazole) - Sulfanilamide (Prontosil) - Sulfathiazole (Phthalylsulfathiazole - Succinylsulfathiazole) - Sulfathiourea

Intermediate-acting - Sulfamethoxazole - Sulfadiazine - Sulfamoxole

Long-acting - Sulfadimethoxine - Sulfadoxine - Sulfalene - Sulfametomidine - Sulfametoxydiazine - Sulfamethoxypyridazine - Sulfaperin - Sulfamerazine - Sulfaphenazole - Sulfamazone

Other/ungrouped - Mafenide - Sulfacetamide - Sulfaclozine - Sulfadicramide - Sulfaguanidine - Sulfametrole - Sulfanitran

Combinations - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine - Pyrimethamine/dapsone - Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine

Other DHPS inhibitors - Acediasulfone - Dapsone - Solasulfone - Sulfoxone

Quinolones
(inhibit topoisomerase/DNA gyrase)

1st Generation - Cinoxacin - Flumequine - Nalidixic acid - Oxolinic acid - Pipemidic acid - Piromidic acid - Rosoxacin

Fluoroquinolones
2nd Gen - Ciprofloxacin - Ofloxacin - Enoxacin - Fleroxacin - Lomefloxacin - Nadifloxacin - Levonadifloxacin - Alalevonadifloxacin - Norfloxacin - Pefloxacin - Rufloxacin

3rd Gen - Levofloxacin - Balofloxacin - Grepafloxacin - Pazufloxacin - Sparfloxacin - Temafloxacin - Tosufloxacin

4th Gen - Besifloxacin - Delafloxacin - Gatifloxacin - Finafloxacin - Gemifloxacin - Moxifloxacin - Clinafloxacin - Garenoxacin - Prulifloxacin - Sitafloxacin - Trovafloxacin - Alatrofloxacin

Veterinary use - Danofloxacin - Difloxacin - Enrofloxacin - Ibafloxacin - Marbofloxacin - Orbifloxacin - Pradofloxacin - Sarafloxacin

Newer non-fluorinated - Nemonoxacin - Ozenoxacin Related (DNA gyrase) - Aminocoumarins (Novobiocin)

Anaerobic DNA inhibitors

Nitroimidazole derivatives - Secnidazole

RNA synthesis inhibitors

Rifamycins - Rifampicin - Rifabutin - Rifapentine - Rifaximin - Rifalazil
Lipiarmycins - Fidaxomicin


Antibacterials: others (J01X, D06AX)
Other/ungrouped


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