Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (pronounced: fen-ill-AL-uh-neen) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is essential for humans, meaning the body cannot manufacture it and it must be obtained from the diet.
Etymology
The term "Phenylalanine" is derived from the chemical structure of the compound, which consists of a phenyl group substituted for one of the hydrogens of alanine.
Function
Phenylalanine is a direct precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as the catecholamines. It plays an integral role in the structure and function of proteins and enzymes and the production of other amino acids.
Dietary Sources
Phenylalanine is found in most protein-rich foods including meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and milk. It is also available in the form of dietary supplements.
Related Terms
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): A rare genetic disorder that results from a defect in the gene that helps create the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine.
- Aspartame: An artificial sweetener that contains phenylalanine.
- Tyrosine: An amino acid that is synthesized in the body from phenylalanine.
See Also
- Amino Acid
- Protein
- Neurotransmitter
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Aspartame
- Tyrosine
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Phenylalanine
- Wikipedia's article - Phenylalanine
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