J. Elks,
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Springer,
ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3,
Pages: 152,</ref><ref name="IndexNominum2000">,
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Taylor & Francis,
ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1,
Pages: 124–,</ref><ref name="Dekanski1980">,
Anti-prostatic activity of bifluranol, a fluorinated bibenzyl.,
British Journal of Pharmacology,
1980,
Vol. 71(Issue: 1),
pp. 11–16,
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1980.tb10903.x,
PMID: 6258683,
PMC: 2044395,</ref><ref name="PopeGilbert1981">,
Bifluranol, a novel fluorinated bibenzyl anti-androgen, its chemistry and disposition in different animal species,
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,
1981,
Vol. 33(Issue: 1),
pp. 297–301,
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13784.x,
PMID: 6116777,</ref><ref name="BeacockBuck1985">,
Bifluranol in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),
The Prostate,
1985,
Vol. 7(Issue: 4),
pp. 357–361,
DOI: 10.1002/pros.2990070403,</ref><ref name="KeaneTimoney1988">,
Response of the Benign Hypertrophied Prostate to Treatment with an LHRH Analogue,
British Journal of Urology,
1988,
Vol. 62(Issue: 2),
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04299.x,
PMID: 2457404,</ref> It is a polyfluorinatedbiphenyl that is related to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls and diethylstilbestrol.<ref name="PopeGilbert1981" /><ref name="AgriculturaMejora1978">,
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Pages: 182–,</ref> The drug is described as a weak estrogen, and possesses about one-eighth the potency of diethylstilbestrol.<ref name="Dekanski1980" /><ref name="AgriculturaMejora1978" /><ref name="Agarwal1987">{{{last}}},
M. K. Agarwal,
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De Gruyter,
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In spite of the fact that it is widely referred to as an antiandrogen in the literature, bifluranol is actually a pure estrogen and does not significantly bind to the androgen receptor or directly antagonize the action of androgens.<ref name="Dekanski1980" /> It exerts functional antiandrogen effects by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor in the pituitary gland, consequently suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (and hence acting as an antigonadotropin) and thereby reducing gonadal androgen production and systemic androgen levels.<ref name="Dekanski1980" /> Bifluranol has also been found to act as a 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyaseinhibitor, though with less potency than ketoconazole, and this action may contribute to its efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia by further helping to lower androgen levels.<ref name="BarrieRowlands1989">,
Inhibition of 17α-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase by bifluranol and its analogues,
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry,
1989,
Vol. 33(Issue: 6),
pp. 1191–1195,
DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90429-9,
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Inhibitors of enzymes of androgen biosynthesis: cytochrome P45017α and 5α-steroid reductase,
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The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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Related drugs include pentafluranol (BX-430) and terfluranol (BX-428), which are also estrogens.<ref name="Polonii1984">{{{last}}},
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Badania Polonii,
II Kongres Uczonych Polskiego Pochodzenia: zbiór materiałów. online version,
Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich,
1984,
ISBN 978-83-04-01670-5,</ref>
