Dimestrol

Synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen

Chemical structure of Dimestrol

Dimestrol is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group, which is related to diethylstilbestrol (DES). It was formerly used in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms and other estrogen-deficient conditions.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Dimestrol is a derivative of stilbestrol, characterized by its two phenolic rings connected by a carbon bridge. The chemical structure of Dimestrol is similar to that of diethylstilbestrol, but it has additional methyl groups, which influence its pharmacological properties. The presence of these methyl groups makes Dimestrol more lipophilic, affecting its absorption and distribution in the body.

Pharmacology

Dimestrol acts as an estrogen receptor agonist, binding to estrogen receptors in various tissues and mimicking the effects of endogenous estrogens. This action helps alleviate symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency, such as hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis.

Mechanism of Action

As an estrogen receptor agonist, Dimestrol binds to estrogen receptors in target tissues, such as the uterus, breast, and bone. This binding activates the receptor, leading to changes in gene expression that result in the physiological effects of estrogen, including the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Medical Uses

Dimestrol was primarily used in the past for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and other conditions associated with low estrogen levels. It was also used in some cases of hypogonadism and ovarian failure. However, due to concerns about the safety of synthetic estrogens, its use has declined.

Safety and Side Effects

The use of Dimestrol, like other synthetic estrogens, has been associated with an increased risk of certain adverse effects, including thromboembolism, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. These risks have led to a decrease in its use and a preference for other forms of hormone replacement therapy.

History

Dimestrol was developed in the mid-20th century as part of a broader effort to create synthetic estrogens for therapeutic use. It was one of several compounds in the stilbestrol group, which also includes diethylstilbestrol. Over time, concerns about the safety of these compounds led to a reevaluation of their use in clinical practice.

Related Pages

• Estrogen
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Diethylstilbestrol
• Menopause