Methotrexate
Methotrexate
Methotrexate (pronounced: meh-thoh-TREK-sayt) is a medication primarily used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. It is classified as an antimetabolite and antifolate drug.
Etymology
The term "Methotrexate" is derived from its chemical name, Methotrexate Sodium, which is a derivative of aminopterin, a compound with anti-cancer properties.
Usage
Methotrexate is used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, osteosarcoma, and lymphoma. It is also used to manage autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis when other treatments have failed.
Mechanism of Action
Methotrexate works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine. This inhibition prevents the formation of DNA and RNA, thereby stopping the growth of cancer cells and suppressing the immune system.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Methotrexate include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include liver disease, lung disease, lymphoma, and severe skin reactions.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Methotrexate
- Wikipedia's article - Methotrexate
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