Caffeic acid

An organic compound that is a hydroxycinnamic acid

Chemical structure of caffeic acid

Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in a variety of plants and is known for its antioxidant properties. Caffeic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, a major component of plant cell walls.

Structure and Properties

Caffeic acid is a phenolic acid with the chemical formula C_H_O_. It consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group. The presence of these functional groups contributes to its antioxidant activity, allowing it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.

Occurrence

Caffeic acid is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It is found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It is particularly abundant in coffee beans, where it contributes to the flavor and aroma of coffee. Other sources include apples, pears, berries, and olive oil.

Biological Role

In plants, caffeic acid plays a crucial role in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is involved in the synthesis of lignin and other important compounds. It acts as a precursor to various polyphenols and is involved in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens and UV radiation.

Health Benefits

Caffeic acid is known for its potential health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. It may help reduce inflammation, protect against cancer, and support cardiovascular health. Studies suggest that it can inhibit the formation of carcinogenic compounds and protect cells from oxidative damage.

Applications

Caffeic acid is used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant to preserve the freshness and quality of food products. It is also used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-protective properties. In pharmaceuticals, caffeic acid derivatives are being explored for their therapeutic potential.

Related Compounds

Caffeic acid is related to other hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid. These compounds share similar structures and biological activities.

See Also

• Phenolic compounds
• Antioxidants
• Lignin
• Phenylpropanoid pathway

Related Pages

• Coffee chemistry
• Polyphenols
• Plant secondary metabolites

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  Caffeic acid chemical structure
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  Caffeic acid 3D representation
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  Caffeic acid