Carmofur

Overview of the chemotherapy drug Carmofur

Carmofur
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number
PubChem
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG

Carmofur is a chemotherapy drug used primarily in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is an orally administered antineoplastic agent that belongs to the class of fluoropyrimidines. Carmofur is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.

Mechanism of Action

Carmofur works by interfering with the synthesis of DNA and RNA in cancer cells. It is a prodrug that is metabolized into 5-FU in the body. 5-FU inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which is crucial for the synthesis of thymidine, a nucleotide necessary for DNA replication. By inhibiting this enzyme, Carmofur effectively prevents the proliferation of cancer cells.

Pharmacokinetics

Carmofur is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes hepatic metabolism to form active metabolites, including 5-FU. The drug and its metabolites are primarily excreted through the urinary system. The pharmacokinetic profile of Carmofur allows for oral administration, which is advantageous for patient compliance compared to intravenous chemotherapy.

Clinical Use

Carmofur is used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, particularly in cases where surgical resection is not possible or as an adjuvant therapy following surgery. It may also be used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its efficacy.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Carmofur include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myelosuppression, which can lead to decreased white blood cell counts and increased risk of infection. Patients may also experience hand-foot syndrome, a condition characterized by redness, swelling, and pain on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Contraindications

Carmofur is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to 5-FU or any of its derivatives. It should be used with caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function, as these conditions can affect the drug's metabolism and excretion.

Related pages

• Colorectal cancer
• Chemotherapy
• 5-Fluorouracil
• Thymidylate synthase

• 
  Carmofur