Genetic disorders
Genetic disorders
Genetic disorders (pronunciation: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪk dɪsˈɔːdəz/) are medical conditions caused by abnormalities in the genome or genes. They are hereditary and can be passed down from parents to their offspring.
Etymology
The term "genetic" comes from the Greek word "genetikos" which means "genitive" and "genes" meaning "born". The term "disorder" originates from the Old French "desordre" which means "lack of order".
Types of Genetic Disorders
There are several types of genetic disorders, including:
- Single-gene disorder: This is caused by changes or mutations that occur in the DNA sequence of one gene. Examples include Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.
- Chromosomal disorder: This occurs when chromosomes, or parts of chromosomes, are missing or changed. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
- Complex disorder: This type of disorder is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Examples include Heart disease, High blood pressure, and Alzheimer's disease.
- Mitochondrial disorder: This is caused by mutations in the non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Examples include Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Mitochondrial myopathy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of genetic disorders can be done through Genetic testing, which includes a variety of techniques like Molecular testing, Chromosomal testing, and Biochemical testing. Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder and may include medical management, surgery, Genetic counseling, and Gene therapy.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genetic disorders
- Wikipedia's article - Genetic disorders
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