Congenital disorder
Congenital Disorder
Congenital disorder, also known as congenital disease, birth defect, or anomaly, is a condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause.
Pronunciation
/kənˈjenɪt(ə)l ˈdɪsɔːdər/
Etymology
The term "congenital" originates from the Latin word "congenitus", which means "born with" or "existing from birth". The term "disorder" is derived from the Middle English "disordre", which means "lack of order or regular arrangement".
Definition
A congenital disorder is a medical condition that is present at or before birth. These conditions, also known as birth defects, can result from genetic, environmental, or unknown factors. A congenital disorder can be recognized before birth, at birth, or many years later.
Types of Congenital Disorders
Congenital disorders can be broadly divided into two categories: Genetic Disorders and Developmental Disorders.
- Genetic Disorders are caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, and can be divided into single-gene defects, chromosomal disorders, and multifactorial inheritance.
- Developmental Disorders are disorders that occur during the development of the fetus, often resulting in structural abnormalities.
Causes
The causes of congenital disorders can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. Some common causes include:
- Genetic Mutations
- Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Environmental Factors such as exposure to certain drugs or chemicals during pregnancy
- Maternal Health Conditions such as diabetes or phenylketonuria
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of a congenital disorder can often be made during pregnancy through Prenatal Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis. Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder and can range from surgical intervention to medication to physical therapy.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Congenital disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Congenital disorder
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