Genetic diversity

Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary.

Overview

Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. The population will continue for more generations because of the success of these individuals.

Importance

The conservation of genetic diversity is often considered secondary to the conservation of species diversity, but it is just as important. Genetic diversity is essential for a species to evolve and adapt to new environments, and it provides the flexibility needed for a population to withstand threats such as disease or climate change.

Measurement

Genetic diversity is usually measured by looking at differences in the sequences of DNA that make up genes. This can be done using a variety of techniques, such as DNA sequencing or PCR.

Threats

The main threats to genetic diversity are habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. These threats can lead to a decrease in population size, which can in turn lead to a loss of genetic diversity.

Conservation

Conservation of genetic diversity is achieved through various strategies, including the protection of natural habitats, the establishment of conservation areas, and the use of seed banks and gene banks.

See also

• Biodiversity
• Conservation genetics
• Evolution
• Genetic variation
• Population genetics

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