Microbial genetics

Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering. It studies the genetics of very small (micro) organisms; bacteria, archaea, viruses and some protozoa and fungi. This involves the study of the genotype of microbial species and also the expression system in the form of phenotypes.

Diagram showing various bacterial morphologies

File:Taq.png

Image of Taq polymerase enzyme

Introduction

In the early 20th century, the merging of microbiology, virology, and genetics led to the discovery of microbial genetics. The field of microbial genetics is often used to understand the process of evolution, due to the fast reproduction and mutation rates of some microorganisms.

Techniques

Microbial genetics also has applications in being able to study processes and pathways that are similar to those found in humans such as drug metabolism. Microbial genetics can be used to create new pharmaceuticals and biofuels.

History

The study of microbial genetics has led to many important discoveries and advancements in the field of genetics as a whole. The study of microbial genetics has also led to advancements in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

See also

• Molecular biology
• Genetic recombination
• Gene therapy
• Genetic engineering
• Microbiology
• Virology

External links

• Microbial Genetics