Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia

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Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia
Synonyms	CLSD
Pronounce
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Craniosynostosis, cataracts, sutural cataracts, skeletal dysplasia
Complications	N/A
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Mutations in the SEC23A gene
Risks
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Supportive care, surgery for craniosynostosis
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

A rare genetic disorder affecting cranial and skeletal development

Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia (CLSD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial abnormalities, skeletal malformations, and other systemic features. It is an autosomal recessive condition, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected by the disorder.

Genetics

Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia is caused by mutations in the SEC23A gene, which plays a crucial role in the transport of proteins within cells. The SEC23A gene is involved in the formation of COPII-coated vesicles, which are essential for the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene disrupt normal protein trafficking, leading to the clinical manifestations of the disorder.

Clinical Features

Individuals with cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia typically present with a range of clinical features, including:

• Craniofacial Abnormalities: These may include a large anterior fontanelle, widely spaced sutures, and delayed closure of the cranial sutures. Affected individuals may also have a prominent forehead and a flat nasal bridge.
• Skeletal Abnormalities: Patients often exhibit scoliosis, kyphosis, and other skeletal deformities. The long bones may be abnormally shaped, and there can be delayed ossification of the epiphyses.
• Ocular Features: Lenticular opacities or cataracts may be present, contributing to visual impairment.
• Other Features: Some individuals may have hearing loss, developmental delay, and intellectual disability.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Imaging studies such as X-rays and CT scans can reveal characteristic skeletal and cranial abnormalities. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the SEC23A gene.

Management

There is no cure for cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia, and treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Management may involve:

• Surgical Interventions: Surgery may be required to correct cranial and skeletal deformities.
• Vision and Hearing Support: Regular ophthalmologic and audiologic evaluations are important to address visual and hearing impairments.
• Developmental Support: Early intervention programs and special education services can help manage developmental delays and intellectual disabilities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated complications. With appropriate management, many individuals can lead relatively normal lives, although they may require ongoing medical care and support.

See also

• Genetic disorder
• Craniofacial abnormalities
• Skeletal dysplasia
• Autosomal recessive disorder