Focal dermal hypoplasia
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| Focal dermal hypoplasia | |
|---|---|
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| Synonyms | Goltz syndrome, Goltz-Gorlin syndrome |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
| Symptoms | Skin abnormalities, skeletal malformations, eye defects, dental issues |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mutations in the PORCN gene |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Incontinentia pigmenti, Ectodermal dysplasia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Symptomatic treatment, surgical intervention |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
Focal dermal hypoplasia is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the skin, skeleton, eyes, and face. The condition is also known as Goltz syndrome.
Symptoms
The symptoms of focal dermal hypoplasia are highly variable and can include skin abnormalities, skeletal abnormalities, and eye abnormalities. Some individuals may also have facial abnormalities and intellectual disability.
Skin Abnormalities
The skin abnormalities associated with focal dermal hypoplasia are present at birth and can include patches of thin, wrinkled skin, areas of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, and small clusters of blood vessels just under the skin.
Skeletal Abnormalities
Skeletal abnormalities can include short stature, scoliosis, and abnormalities of the hands and feet, such as syndactyly (fusion of the fingers or toes) or polydactyly (extra fingers or toes).
Eye Abnormalities
Eye abnormalities can include microphthalmia (small eyes), coloboma (a hole in the eye), and strabismus (crossed eyes).
Facial Abnormalities
Facial abnormalities can include a small, pointed chin, a flat nasal bridge, and a cleft or split in the upper lip (cleft lip) or palate (cleft palate).
Causes
Focal dermal hypoplasia is caused by mutations in the PORCN gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the development of many tissues and organs before birth.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of focal dermal hypoplasia is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
There is currently no cure for focal dermal hypoplasia. Treatment is aimed at managing the symptoms and can include surgery to correct skeletal abnormalities, skin care to manage skin abnormalities, and special education services for those with intellectual disability.
See also
- Genetic disorders
- Skin disorders
- Skeletal disorders
- Eye disorders
- Facial disorders
- http://www.orpha.net/consor/www/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2092
- GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Focal dermal hypoplasia
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
