List of notifiable diseases

Diseases and conditions required by law to be reported to public health authorities

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Notifiable diseases are diseases, infections, syndromes, laboratory findings, or other public health conditions that must be reported to a government or public health authority by law, regulation, or official public health order. They are also called reportable diseases, notifiable conditions, notifiable medical conditions, or statutory notifiable diseases.

The purpose of notification is to help public health authorities detect outbreaks, monitor disease trends, initiate contact tracing, control transmission, protect vulnerable populations, guide vaccination and prevention programs, and meet national or international disease surveillance obligations.About the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System(link). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.International Health Regulations(link). World Health Organization.

Notifiable disease systems vary by country. Some countries maintain a single national list, while others use national lists plus provincial, state, territorial, or regional reporting rules. Because legal requirements can change rapidly during epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or emergence of new pathogens, the official health authority of each country or jurisdiction should always be consulted for the current legal list.

Overview

A notifiable disease is generally reportable because it has one or more public health features.

• High transmissibility - The disease can spread rapidly from person to person, through food, water, animals, vectors, or environmental exposure.
• Severe disease - The condition can cause serious illness, disability, hospitalization, or death.
• Outbreak potential - A single case or cluster may indicate a larger outbreak.
• Vaccine preventability - Notification helps monitor vaccine-preventable diseases and identify gaps in immunization.
• Public health intervention - Reporting allows isolation, prophylaxis, vaccination, environmental control, food recall, or contact tracing.
• Emerging infection - New or re-emerging pathogens require rapid recognition and response.
• Bioterrorism concern - Agents such as anthrax, plague, smallpox, and tularemia may require urgent reporting.
• International surveillance - Some diseases may have implications under the International Health Regulations.

Who reports notifiable diseases

Reporting requirements differ by jurisdiction, but common mandated reporters include healthcare professionals, laboratories, hospitals, schools, care facilities, and sometimes veterinarians or food safety authorities.

• Physician - Usually required to report suspected or confirmed notifiable diseases.
• Laboratory - Often required to report positive or suggestive laboratory findings.
• Hospital - May report admitted cases, clusters, deaths, or unusual events.
• Clinic - May report cases diagnosed in outpatient practice.
• Dentist - May report selected infections or conditions, depending on law.
• School - May report outbreaks or clusters among students.
• Child care - May report outbreaks of diarrhea, rash illness, respiratory illness, or vaccine-preventable disease.
• Long-term care facility - May report outbreaks among residents or staff.
• Veterinarian - May report zoonotic diseases in animals where animal health reporting laws apply.
• Public health laboratory - May report confirmed pathogens to regional or national surveillance systems.

Reporting timelines

Notification timelines vary by disease severity and public health urgency.

• Immediate notification - Required for diseases needing urgent public health response, such as plague, smallpox, Ebola virus disease, poliomyelitis, rabies, or suspected bioterrorism.
• Urgent notification - Required within hours or the next working day for diseases such as measles, meningococcal disease, cholera, or infectious bloody diarrhea in some countries.
• Routine notification - Required within several days for diseases where rapid individual action is less urgent.
• Laboratory notification - Required after detection of a reportable organism, toxin, antigen, antibody, nucleic acid, or other diagnostic result.
• Syndromic notification - Required for clinical syndromes such as acute flaccid paralysis, acute encephalitis, or severe acute respiratory infection in some systems.
• Outbreak notification - Required for clusters of illness even when the exact organism is not yet known.

Commonly notifiable disease groups

Many countries include similar groups of conditions, although exact lists differ.

Vaccine-preventable diseases

• Measles - Highly contagious viral disease requiring urgent public health response.
• Mumps - Viral illness monitored because of outbreaks and vaccine program impact.
• Rubella - Important because infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome.
• Congenital rubella syndrome - Birth defect syndrome caused by maternal rubella infection.
• Diphtheria - Serious bacterial infection preventable by vaccination.
• Pertussis - Also called whooping cough; important in infants and outbreaks.
• Tetanus - Vaccine-preventable disease caused by toxin-producing Clostridium tetani.
• Poliomyelitis - Globally important disease requiring immediate notification.
• Varicella - Chickenpox may be notifiable in some jurisdictions.
• Invasive pneumococcal disease - Severe infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Haemophilus influenzae type b - Vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial infection.

Foodborne and waterborne diseases

• Cholera - Severe watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae.
• Typhoid fever - Systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi.
• Paratyphoid fever - Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Paratyphi.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne bacterial infection caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery caused by Shigella species.
• Campylobacteriosis - Common foodborne bacterial diarrheal disease.
• Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - Cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection especially serious in pregnancy and immunocompromised people.
• Botulism - Paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin.
• Hepatitis A - Foodborne, waterborne, or person-to-person viral hepatitis.
• Giardiasis - Parasitic intestinal infection caused by Giardia duodenalis.
• Cryptosporidiosis - Waterborne parasitic infection caused by Cryptosporidium.
• Amoebiasis - Infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

Respiratory and airborne diseases

• Tuberculosis - Bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
• Influenza of zoonotic origin - Influenza caused by animal-origin influenza viruses.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, notifiable in many jurisdictions during and after the pandemic period.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - Severe coronavirus infection caused by MERS-CoV.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - Severe coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV.
• Legionellosis - Pneumonia or Pontiac fever caused by Legionella species.
• Meningococcal disease - Severe invasive infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
• Invasive group A streptococcal disease - Severe infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
• Psittacosis - Respiratory infection caused by Chlamydia psittaci.

Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases

• Malaria - Parasitic disease transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Zika virus disease - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.
• Chikungunya - Mosquito-borne viral disease causing fever and joint pain.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic disease.
• Japanese encephalitis - Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis.
• West Nile virus - Mosquito-borne arboviral infection.
• Lyme disease - Tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia species.
• Anaplasmosis - Tick-borne bacterial infection.
• Babesiosis - Tick-borne parasitic infection.
• Rickettsial disease - Tick-, flea-, or mite-borne infections caused by rickettsiae.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial disease often linked to animal urine and contaminated water.
• Rabies - Fatal viral encephalitis transmitted through animal bites.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection linked to animals or unpasteurized dairy products.
• Plague - Zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis.
• Tularemia - Zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Francisella tularensis.
• Q fever - Zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii.

Sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections

• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection, reportable in many jurisdictions.
• AIDS - Advanced HIV disease, historically separately notifiable in many systems.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum.
• Congenital syphilis - Infection transmitted from mother to fetus.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Chlamydia infection - Sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Hepatitis B - Bloodborne and sexually transmitted viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Bloodborne viral hepatitis.
• Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea - Drug-resistant gonorrhea requiring surveillance.

High-consequence and emerging diseases

• Anthrax - Serious bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
• Ebola virus disease - Viral hemorrhagic fever requiring immediate public health response.
• Marburg virus disease - Viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Lassa fever - Viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Smallpox - Eradicated disease but high-consequence notifiable condition.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection with outbreak potential.
• Nipah virus infection - Zoonotic viral disease with severe encephalitis risk.
• Hantavirus disease - Severe rodent-borne viral disease.
• Oropouche virus disease - Arboviral disease added to surveillance lists in some jurisdictions.

By country and region

The following sections summarize major national and regional notifiable disease systems. They are not a substitute for official legal lists.

United States

In the United States, nationally notifiable conditions are designated through collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Reporting to CDC occurs through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, but legal reporting duties are established by individual states, territories, and local jurisdictions.2026 National Notifiable Conditions(link). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Notifiable infectious disease data tables(link). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Selected nationally notifiable conditions include:

• Anaplasmosis - Tick-borne bacterial disease.
• Anthrax - High-consequence bacterial infection.
• Babesiosis - Tick-borne parasitic infection.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated paralytic illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial diarrheal disease.
• Cholera - Severe watery diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19-associated pediatric mortality - Added to national weekly and annual tables starting in 2026.Notice to Data Users and Publication Criteria(link). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Dengue - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis often spread by fecal-oral transmission.
• Hepatitis B - Bloodborne and sexually transmitted viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Bloodborne viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza-associated pediatric mortality - Pediatric death associated with influenza.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella species.
• Lyme disease - Tick-borne infection.
• Measles - Highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Oropouche virus disease - Arboviral disease added to national notifiable condition reporting in 2025, with congenital reporting beginning in annual tables in 2026.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - Infection caused by Yersinia pestis.
• Poliomyelitis - Disease targeted for global eradication.
• Rabies - Fatal viral encephalitis.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne bacterial infection.
• Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - Cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Tuberculosis - Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Tularemia - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi.
• Varicella - Chickenpox, reported in many jurisdictions.

Canada

In Canada, national surveillance is coordinated through the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Canada also has provincial and territorial reporting laws, so exact notification requirements may vary by province or territory.Notifiable Diseases Online(link). Public Health Agency of Canada.Infectious diseases(link). Public Health Agency of Canada.

Selected nationally surveilled or commonly reportable conditions include:

• Acute flaccid paralysis - Syndrome used for polio and other neurologic surveillance.
• Anthrax - Serious bacterial infection.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated paralytic illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Giardiasis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral surveillance.
• Invasive meningococcal disease - Severe bacterial infection.
• Invasive pneumococcal disease - Severe pneumococcal infection.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection.
• Lyme disease - Tick-borne infection.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - Zoonotic infection.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne infection.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, reporting systems differ across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. In England, registered medical practitioners notify suspected notifiable diseases, and diagnostic laboratories notify specified causative agents to the UK Health Security Agency. The list of laboratory-notifiable organisms was expanded by the Health Protection notification amendments effective 6 April 2025, with 2026 weekly causative-agent reports published by UKHSA.Notifiable diseases and how to report them(link). GOV.UK.Notifiable diseases: causative agents reports for 2026(link). UK Health Security Agency.

Selected notifiable diseases in England include:

• Acute encephalitis - Inflammatory brain disease requiring notification.
• Acute infectious hepatitis - Includes viral hepatitis syndromes.
• Anthrax - Serious bacterial disease.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated paralytic disease.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial infection.
• Enteric fever - Includes typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
• Food poisoning - Reportable clinical syndrome in England.
• Haemolytic uraemic syndrome - Often associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.
• Infectious bloody diarrhoea - Urgent notification category.
• Influenza of zoonotic origin - Animal-origin influenza infection.
• Invasive group A streptococcal disease - Severe streptococcal infection.
• Legionnaires' disease - Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella.
• Leprosy - Chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal septicaemia - Severe invasive meningococcal infection.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - MERS-CoV infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - SARS coronavirus infection.
• Smallpox - Eradicated but high-consequence disease.
• Tetanus - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhus - Rickettsial disease.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - High-consequence viral infections.
• Whooping cough - Pertussis.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.

European Union and European Economic Area

The European Union and European Economic Area use coordinated epidemiological surveillance through the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. EU case definitions are set out in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/945, and the EU surveillance list covers about 50 communicable diseases and special health issues, including antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections.EU case definitions(link). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Surveillance and early warning(link). European Commission.

Selected EU/EEA surveillance topics include:

• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated disease.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial disease.
• Chikungunya - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Echinococcosis - Parasitic zoonosis.
• Giardiasis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral infection.
• Legionnaires' disease - Severe pneumonia.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection.
• Lyme neuroborreliosis - Neurologic form of Lyme disease added in the 2018 EU update.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial disease.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Q fever - Zoonotic infection.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne infection.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• West Nile virus - Mosquito-borne arboviral infection.
• Zika virus disease - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.

Ireland

In Ireland, the list of notifiable diseases and causative pathogens is maintained under infectious disease regulations and amendments. The Health Protection Surveillance Centre notes that the most recent amendment to the regulations was the Infectious Diseases (Amendment) Regulations 2026, with a current list published in May 2026.List of Notifiable Diseases(link). Health Protection Surveillance Centre.

Selected notifiable diseases include:

• Anthrax - Serious bacterial infection.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease.
• Cryptosporidiosis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial disease.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne disease.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - High-consequence viral disease.

Australia

In Australia, nationally notifiable diseases are monitored through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, which collates data from states and territories. Reporting obligations are contained in state and territory legislation, while national data are published through NNDSS summaries and reports.National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System fortnightly reports – 30 March to 12 April 2026(link). Australian Centre for Disease Control.

Selected nationally notifiable diseases include:

• Anaplasmosis - Tick-borne infection.
• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Australian bat lyssavirus infection - Lyssavirus infection related to bats.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial infection.
• Chikungunya - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Cryptosporidiosis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral infection.
• Invasive meningococcal disease - Severe bacterial infection.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Leprosy - Hansen disease.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne bacterial infection.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Q fever - Zoonotic infection.
• Rabies - Fatal lyssavirus infection.
• Ross River virus disease - Mosquito-borne arboviral disease.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne disease.
• Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - Cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Tetanus - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Zika virus disease - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, notifiable diseases are listed under the Health Act 1956 and related schedules. Notification is made to the Medical Officer of Health through the National Public Health Service.Notifiable diseases(link). New Zealand Ministry of Health.Notify NPHS - Northern region(link). Health New Zealand.

Selected notifiable diseases include:

• Acute flaccid paralysis - Syndrome used for poliomyelitis surveillance.
• Anthrax - Serious bacterial disease.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic infection.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease.
• Cryptosporidiosis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Giardiasis - Parasitic diarrheal disease.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral surveillance.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Leprosy - Hansen disease.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial disease.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne infection.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Tetanus - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Yersiniosis - Infection caused by Yersinia species.

India

In India, disease surveillance is conducted through the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. India uses national surveillance systems as well as state-specific legal notifications and program-based reporting requirements. The IDSP portal supports online reporting by states and union territories and aims to detect and respond to epidemic-prone diseases early.Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(link). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

Selected diseases and conditions commonly reported through surveillance or state notification systems include:

• Acute diarrheal disease - Epidemic-prone diarrheal illness.
• Acute encephalitis syndrome - Neurologic syndrome under surveillance.
• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Chikungunya - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Food poisoning - Outbreak-prone foodborne illness.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis E - Waterborne viral hepatitis.
• Human rabies - Fatal viral disease; recent policy attention has emphasized notification and tracking.
• Influenza-like illness - Respiratory syndrome surveillance.
• Japanese encephalitis - Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis.
• Kala-azar - Visceral leishmaniasis.
• Kyasanur Forest disease - Tick-borne viral hemorrhagic disease reported under zoonotic disease surveillance.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Malaria - Mosquito-borne parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Meningococcal meningitis - Severe bacterial disease.
• Nipah virus infection - High-consequence zoonotic viral disease.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Scrub typhus - Rickettsial disease reported in many regions.
• Snakebite envenoming - Declared notifiable in parts of India and subject to national surveillance attention.
• Tuberculosis - Nationally notifiable through tuberculosis control systems.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Viral hepatitis - Includes hepatitis A, E, B, and C surveillance depending on program context.
• West Nile fever - Zoonotic arboviral disease noted in surveillance discussions.

China

In China, notifiable infectious diseases are organized into classes under the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. China CDC states that three classes of notifiable infectious diseases are listed in 41 categories, while 2026 reports continue to publish monthly national counts and deaths for notifiable infectious diseases.Infectious Diseases(link). Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, February 2026(link). China CDC Weekly.

Selected notifiable infectious diseases include:

• Plague - Class A high-consequence bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Class A severe diarrheal disease.
• Viral hepatitis - Major group of reported Class B infections.
• Tuberculosis - Major reported Class B disease.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Gonorrhea - Sexually transmitted infection.
• COVID-19 - Reported among Class B infectious diseases in recent surveillance summaries.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Japanese encephalitis - Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Scarlet fever - Streptococcal disease.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Schistosomiasis - Parasitic disease.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Hand, foot and mouth disease - Enteroviral illness.
• Infectious diarrhea - Category used in national reporting.

Japan

In Japan, the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases system includes all-case notifiable diseases and sentinel surveillance. Notifiable infectious diseases are classified by categories under Japan's infectious disease control law and surveillance program.Implementation Manual for the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases Program(link). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.Human disease surveillance in Japan(link). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

Selected all-case notifiable diseases include:

• Ebola virus disease - Category I viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Category I viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Smallpox - Category I high-consequence disease.
• South American hemorrhagic fever - Category I viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Plague - Category I bacterial disease.
• Marburg virus disease - Category I viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Lassa fever - Category I viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Poliomyelitis - Category II disease.
• Tuberculosis - Category II disease.
• Diphtheria - Category II disease.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - Category II disease when caused by SARS coronavirus.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - Category II disease when caused by MERS coronavirus.
• Avian influenza - Certain avian influenza infections are notifiable.
• Cholera - Notifiable gastrointestinal infection.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Paratyphoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease subject to surveillance policies that have changed over time.

Singapore

In Singapore, the Infectious Diseases Act is the principal legislation for prevention and control of infectious diseases. It enables notification, isolation, treatment, contact tracing, quarantine, and other public health measures. Singapore's Communicable Diseases Agency states that the Infectious Diseases Act is jointly administered by the Ministry of Health, Singapore Food Agency, and National Environment Agency, and the official notifiable list is maintained under the Act.Infectious Diseases Act(link). Communicable Diseases Agency, Singapore.Infectious Disease Notification(link). Ministry of Health Singapore.

Selected legally notifiable infections include:

• Avian influenza - Immediate notification disease.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease under evolving surveillance rules.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Ebola virus disease - High-consequence viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Hand, foot and mouth disease - Outbreak-prone pediatric viral illness.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - MERS-CoV infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Nipah virus infection - High-consequence zoonotic viral disease.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - SARS coronavirus infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, statutory notifiable infectious diseases are reported under the Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health. The Centre for Health Protection publishes current notifiable disease lists, case definitions, and monthly statistics.List of statutory notifiable diseases and case definitions(link). Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong.Number of notifiable infectious diseases by month in 2026(link). Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong.

Selected statutory notifiable diseases include:

• Anthrax - Serious bacterial infection.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Chickenpox - Varicella infection.
• Chikungunya fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Haemophilus influenzae type b infection - Invasive Hib infection.
• Japanese encephalitis - Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis.
• Legionnaires' disease - Severe pneumonia.
• Leprosy - Hansen disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal infection - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - MERS-CoV infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Mumps - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Scarlet fever - Streptococcal disease.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - SARS coronavirus infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - High-consequence viral disease.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Zika virus infection - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, notifiable infectious diseases are reported under national communicable disease law and public health surveillance systems. Reporting requirements include classic epidemic-prone infections, vaccine-preventable diseases, vector-borne diseases, foodborne infections, and tuberculosis.

Selected notifiable diseases include:

• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Food poisoning - Outbreak-prone foodborne illness.
• Hand, foot and mouth disease - Outbreak-prone pediatric infection.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral surveillance.
• Japanese encephalitis - Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis.
• Leprosy - Hansen disease.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Viral encephalitis - Neurologic viral infection category.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.

South Africa

In South Africa, notifiable medical conditions are of public health importance and are monitored through the National Institute for Communicable Diseases and the National Department of Health. The NICD describes NMC surveillance as the systematic collection, analysis, and use of epidemiologic data. A current national NMC disease list is published by NICD.Notifiable Medical Conditions(link). National Institute for Communicable Diseases.Notifiable Medical Conditions Disease List(link). National Institute for Communicable Diseases.

Selected notifiable medical conditions include:

• Acute flaccid paralysis - Syndrome used for polio surveillance.
• Acute rheumatic fever - Post-streptococcal inflammatory disease.
• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• Congenital rubella syndrome - Vaccine-preventable congenital condition.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Ebola virus disease - High-consequence viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Foodborne disease outbreak - Cluster of illness linked to food exposure.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Human rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Influenza of pandemic potential - Respiratory infection surveillance.
• Invasive meningococcal disease - Severe bacterial disease.
• Leprosy - Hansen disease.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne infection.
• Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - Cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - High-consequence viral infection.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.

Brazil

In Brazil, compulsory notification is organized through the Ministry of Health and the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, commonly known as SINAN. SINAN records and monitors notifiable diseases and health conditions nationally."The diseases and conditions notified on SINAN are defined by the National Compulsory Notification List of diseases".Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde.Full text.Brazil Information System for Notifiable Diseases(link). Global Health Data Exchange.

Selected notifiable diseases and conditions include:

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - Advanced HIV disease.
• Animal bite - May be reportable because of rabies prevention.
• Chagas disease - Parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
• Chikungunya - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Major mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Hansen disease - Leprosy.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral surveillance.
• Leishmaniasis - Parasitic disease.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Plague - High-consequence bacterial disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Congenital syphilis - Infection transmitted from mother to fetus.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Zika virus disease - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.

Mexico

In Mexico, epidemiological surveillance is organized through the national surveillance system and health regulations, including the national epidemiological surveillance framework. Notifiable conditions include communicable diseases, zoonoses, vaccine-preventable diseases, and other public health events.Mexico Global Health Security Index profile(link). Global Health Security Index.

Selected notifiable or surveilled diseases include:

• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial infection.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Leptospirosis - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection.
• Taeniasis - Parasitic tapeworm infection.
• Cysticercosis - Tissue infection with larval tapeworm.
• Trichinellosis - Parasitic infection from Trichinella.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Zika virus disease - Mosquito-borne and congenital infection concern.

Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, communicable disease notification is managed through the Ministry of Health and national public health surveillance systems. Reporting emphasizes high-consequence infections, travel-associated diseases, vaccine-preventable diseases, tuberculosis, meningococcal disease, and diseases relevant to mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah.

Selected notifiable or priority conditions include:

• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Malaria - Parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Important in mass gathering health.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - MERS-CoV infection first identified in the Arabian Peninsula.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Yellow fever - Travel-related concern for travelers from endemic countries.

United Arab Emirates

In the United Arab Emirates, communicable disease notification is managed through federal and emirate-level public health authorities. Reporting commonly includes high-consequence infections, vaccine-preventable diseases, respiratory infections, foodborne disease, tuberculosis, and imported vector-borne diseases.

Selected notifiable or priority conditions include:

• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Imported or travel-associated mosquito-borne infection.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Malaria - Imported or travel-associated parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Middle East respiratory syndrome - MERS-CoV infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.

Nigeria

In Nigeria, disease surveillance and response are coordinated through national public health authorities, including the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Reporting focuses on epidemic-prone diseases, vaccine-preventable diseases, zoonoses, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and diseases of international concern.

Selected notifiable or priority epidemic-prone diseases include:

• Acute flaccid paralysis - Syndrome for poliomyelitis surveillance.
• Cerebrospinal meningitis - Epidemic-prone meningitis.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Ebola virus disease - Viral hemorrhagic fever preparedness concern.
• Lassa fever - Endemic viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Malaria - Major parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Yellow fever - Vaccine-preventable mosquito-borne viral disease.

Kenya

In Kenya, notifiable and priority diseases are monitored through national disease surveillance and response systems, including integrated disease surveillance frameworks.

Selected notifiable or priority diseases include:

• Acute flaccid paralysis - Syndrome used for polio surveillance.
• Anthrax - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Dengue fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Ebola virus disease - Viral hemorrhagic fever preparedness concern.
• Leishmaniasis - Parasitic disease.
• Malaria - Major parasitic disease.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Plague - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal zoonotic viral infection.
• Rift Valley fever - Zoonotic viral disease.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.

Germany

In Germany, infectious disease notification is governed by the Infection Protection Act and coordinated through local health authorities, state authorities, and the Robert Koch Institute.

Selected notifiable diseases and pathogens include:

• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Campylobacteriosis - Foodborne bacterial infection.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease surveillance.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• Hepatitis A - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B - Viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis C - Viral hepatitis.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Influenza - Respiratory viral disease.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne infection.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Mpox - Orthopoxvirus infection.
• Pertussis - Whooping cough.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Rubella - Vaccine-preventable disease.
• Salmonellosis - Foodborne infection.
• Shigellosis - Bacterial dysentery.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.

France

In France, mandatory notification is coordinated through regional health agencies and national public health authorities. The list includes infectious diseases and certain environmental or toxic conditions.

Selected notifiable conditions include:

• Botulism - Toxin-mediated illness.
• Brucellosis - Zoonotic bacterial disease.
• Cholera - Severe diarrheal disease.
• Diphtheria - Vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
• HIV infection - Human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Legionellosis - Infection caused by Legionella.
• Listeriosis - Foodborne bacterial infection.
• Measles - Vaccine-preventable viral disease.
• Meningococcal disease - Invasive bacterial infection.
• Poliomyelitis - Eradication-targeted disease.
• Rabies - Fatal viral infection.
• Tuberculosis - Mycobacterial disease.
• Typhoid fever - Enteric fever.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - High-consequence viral infection.
• Yellow fever - Mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Lead poisoning - Environmental toxic exposure, reportable in some French public health frameworks.

By pathogen category

Bacterial diseases

• Anthrax - Commonly notifiable because of severity, zoonotic spread, and bioterrorism concern.
• Botulism - Commonly notifiable because early detection can prevent deaths and identify contaminated food.
• Brucellosis - Notifiable in many countries because of occupational and foodborne risk.
• Cholera - Almost universally reportable because of outbreak and international spread potential.
• Diphtheria - Notifiable because of severity and vaccine-preventability.
• Legionellosis - Notifiable to identify environmental sources and outbreaks.
• Leprosy - Reportable in many countries for control and disability prevention.
• Listeriosis - Reportable because of foodborne outbreaks and pregnancy risk.
• Meningococcal disease - Urgently notifiable because close contacts may need prophylaxis.
• Pertussis - Notifiable because of infant risk and vaccine program monitoring.
• Plague - Immediately notifiable in most systems because of high consequence.
• Salmonellosis - Reportable to detect foodborne outbreaks.
• Shigellosis - Reportable because of person-to-person spread and outbreaks.
• Tuberculosis - Notifiable worldwide because of transmission, treatment needs, and drug resistance.
• Typhoid fever - Reportable because of outbreak and food-handler implications.

Viral diseases

• COVID-19 - Reportable or surveilled in many systems, though reporting intensity has changed over time.
• Dengue fever - Reportable in many tropical and travel-related surveillance systems.
• Ebola virus disease - Immediately notifiable high-consequence infection.
• Hepatitis A - Reportable because of outbreaks and post-exposure prophylaxis.
• Hepatitis B - Reportable because of chronic infection and perinatal prevention.
• Hepatitis C - Reportable because of bloodborne transmission and treatment opportunities.
• HIV infection - Reportable in many countries for surveillance and prevention.
• Influenza - Reportable in selected forms, such as novel, zoonotic, severe, or laboratory-confirmed categories.
• Measles - Urgently notifiable because of high transmissibility.
• Mpox - Reportable in many countries after recent multinational outbreaks.
• Mumps - Reportable to monitor vaccine program effectiveness.
• Poliomyelitis - Immediately notifiable because of eradication goals.
• Rabies - Reportable because of fatality and post-exposure prophylaxis.
• Rubella - Reportable because of congenital rubella syndrome prevention.
• Yellow fever - Reportable because of international health regulations and travel vaccination.
• Zika virus disease - Reportable because of congenital infection risk.

Parasitic diseases

• Amoebiasis - Reportable in some countries because of dysentery and outbreaks.
• Cryptosporidiosis - Reportable in many countries because of waterborne outbreaks.
• Giardiasis - Reportable in many countries because of waterborne and childcare-associated spread.
• Malaria - Notifiable in many countries because of importation, elimination, or control goals.
• Schistosomiasis - Reportable or surveilled in endemic countries.
• Toxoplasmosis - Congenital toxoplasmosis may be reportable in some countries.
• Trichinellosis - Reportable in many countries because of foodborne outbreak risk.

Fungal diseases

• Coccidioidomycosis - Reportable in some areas where endemic or under surveillance.
• Cryptococcosis - Reportable in some jurisdictions, especially in immunocompromised populations.
• Candida auris - Reportable in many healthcare-associated infection surveillance systems because of antimicrobial resistance and outbreak risk.

Noninfectious notifiable conditions

Some jurisdictions require notification of noninfectious conditions.

• Lead poisoning - Reportable in many jurisdictions because of environmental health intervention.
• Pesticide poisoning - Reportable in some jurisdictions.
• Mercury poisoning - Reportable in some jurisdictions.
• Carbon monoxide poisoning - Reportable in some jurisdictions.
• Cancer - Reportable to cancer registries in many countries.
• Birth defects - Reportable to congenital anomaly surveillance systems in some jurisdictions.
• Maternal death - Reportable in many maternal mortality surveillance systems.
• Occupational disease - Reportable in some occupational health systems.

International Health Regulations

The International Health Regulations are a legally binding framework adopted by World Health Organization member states to detect, assess, notify, and respond to public health events of international concern. They do not replace national notifiable disease lists, but they require countries to assess and report certain events that may constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Events requiring special attention include:

• Smallpox - Any case has international importance.
• Poliomyelitis - Poliovirus infection is subject to international reporting.
• Human influenza caused by a new subtype - Novel influenza viruses require urgent assessment.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome - SARS coronavirus infection requires urgent attention.
• Cholera - May require international notification depending on risk and spread.
• Pneumonic plague - May require international reporting because of severe spread potential.
• Yellow fever - Relevant to travel and international spread.
• Viral haemorrhagic fever - Includes Ebola, Lassa, Marburg, and related diseases.
• West Nile fever - May be relevant depending on international spread.
• Public health event of international concern - Any unusual or serious public health event that meets IHR decision criteria.

Data uses

Notifiable disease data are used for public health action and policy.

• Outbreak detection - Identifies unusual clusters or increases in disease.
• Contact tracing - Helps find and protect exposed people.
• Post-exposure prophylaxis - Enables timely preventive treatment for contacts.
• Vaccination campaign - Guides vaccine response during outbreaks.
• Food safety investigation - Helps identify contaminated foods and prevent additional cases.
• Water safety - Helps identify contaminated drinking water or recreational water.
• Vector control - Guides mosquito, tick, or rodent control.
• Antimicrobial resistance surveillance - Tracks resistant organisms and informs treatment guidance.
• Health policy - Supports laws, funding, and prevention programs.
• International reporting - Helps fulfill international public health obligations.

Limitations

Notifiable disease systems are essential but imperfect.

• Underreporting - Many cases are never diagnosed or reported.
• Reporting delay - Delays can reduce the speed of outbreak response.
• Diagnostic access - Limited laboratory access affects case detection.
• Case definition differences - Countries may define the same disease differently.
• Legal variation - Reporting laws differ by state, province, territory, or country.
• Privacy - Surveillance must balance public health needs with confidentiality.
• Data quality - Incomplete demographic, clinical, or exposure data may limit interpretation.
• Changing lists - Diseases may be added or removed during emerging public health events.
• Laboratory capacity - Testing availability influences surveillance trends.

Patient and public information

Patients and the public can help disease control by cooperating with public health recommendations.

• Medical care - Seek care for severe, unusual, or persistent symptoms.
• Isolation - Follow isolation instructions when contagious.
• Contact tracing - Provide accurate information about close contacts when requested.
• Vaccination - Keep routine and travel vaccines up to date.
• Hand hygiene - Reduces spread of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and contact-transmitted infections.
• Food safety - Reduces foodborne disease risk.
• Safe water - Reduces waterborne disease risk.
• Travel medicine - Provides destination-specific prevention advice.
• Animal bite care - Prompt care helps prevent rabies and other infections.
• Public health reporting - Reporting enables prevention of additional cases.

See also

• Disease surveillance
• Public health
• Epidemiology
• Outbreak
• Epidemic
• Pandemic
• Syndromic surveillance
• Contact tracing
• International Health Regulations
• Public Health Emergency of International Concern
• Infectious disease
• Foodborne illness
• Waterborne disease
• Vector-borne disease
• Zoonosis
• Bioterrorism
• Vaccination
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• World Health Organization
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

External links

• CDC - 2026 National Notifiable Conditions
• CDC - National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
• GOV.UK - Notifiable diseases and how to report them
• UKHSA - Notifiable diseases causative agents reports for 2026
• Public Health Agency of Canada - Notifiable Diseases Online
• Australian Centre for Disease Control - NNDSS reports
• New Zealand Ministry of Health - Notifiable diseases
• India - Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme
• China CDC - Infectious diseases
• Singapore - Infectious Diseases Act
• Hong Kong - Statutory notifiable diseases
• South Africa NICD - Notifiable Medical Conditions
• ECDC - EU case definitions
• European Commission - Surveillance and early warning
• Ireland HPSC - List of Notifiable Diseases
• WHO - International Health Regulations