Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidium (pronunciation: krip-toh-spor-id-ee-uhm) is a genus of apicomplexan parasitic alveolates that can cause a respiratory and gastrointestinal illness that primarily involves watery diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis) with or without a persistent cough (respiratory cryptosporidiosis) in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient humans.

Etymology

The term "Cryptosporidium" is derived from the Greek words "kryptos," meaning hidden, and "sporidium," a diminutive of "spora," which means seed. This refers to the hidden spores or oocysts that are a key part of the life cycle of these parasites.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Cryptosporidium involves several stages, including asexual multiplication (merogony) and sexual reproduction (gametogony) within a single host. The infectious stage is the oocyst, which is excreted in the feces of the host and can survive in the environment for several months.

Infection and Symptoms

Infection with Cryptosporidium is known as cryptosporidiosis. Symptoms can range from none (asymptomatic) to severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with AIDS, the infection can be severe and potentially life-threatening.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis is typically made by microscopic identification of the Cryptosporidium oocysts in stool specimens. Treatment is primarily supportive, with a focus on managing diarrhea and ensuring adequate hydration.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Cryptosporidium
Wikipedia's article - Cryptosporidium

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Cryptosporidium