Randomized controlled trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (pronounced: /ˈrændəmaɪzd kənˈtroʊld ˈtraɪəl/) is a type of scientific experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment. The people participating in the trial are randomly allocated to either the group receiving the treatment under investigation or to a group receiving standard treatment (or placebo treatment) as the control.
Etymology
The term "Randomized Controlled Trial" originates from the statistical concept of randomization, which is used to ensure that the treatment and control groups are comparable, and the term controlled trial, which refers to trials that include a control group.
Process
In a Randomized Controlled Trial, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group. The treatment group receives the intervention being studied, while the control group receives either a placebo or the standard treatment. The outcomes of both groups are then compared to determine the effectiveness of the new intervention.
Types of RCTs
There are several types of Randomized Controlled Trials, including:
- Parallel-group trial: Each participant is randomly assigned to a group, and all groups are treated simultaneously.
- Crossover trial: Over time, all participants receive (and serve as control) all treatments.
- Cluster randomized trial: Pre-existing groups of participants (e.g., villages, schools) are randomly selected to receive one of the treatments.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Randomized Controlled Trials are considered the gold standard in clinical research as they allow for the highest level of evidence. However, they can be costly and time-consuming, and ethical considerations may limit their use in some situations.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Randomized controlled trial
- Wikipedia's article - Randomized controlled trial
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