Shigella
Shigella
Shigella (/ʃɪˈɡɛlə/) is a genus of bacteria that is Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are nonmotile bacteria that do not produce gas. They are similar to Escherichia coli in their biochemical characteristics and can be differentiated only by their pathogenic features.
Etymology
The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first discovered it in 1897. The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals. It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas.
Types
There are four species of Shigella:
Each species can cause a different type of shigellosis, with varying degrees of severity.
Symptoms
Shigella infection may result in enterocolitis, dysentery, or Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Symptoms can range from mild abdominal discomfort to full-blown dysentery characterized by cramps, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, blood, pus, or mucus in stools or tenesmus.
Treatment
Treatment for Shigella infection may include antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms. The choice of antibiotic can be guided by susceptibility testing. It is also important to replace fluids and electrolytes lost through diarrhea.
Prevention
Prevention of Shigella infections involves proper sanitation, including handwashing and disinfection of contaminated surfaces, as well as safe food handling and preparation practices.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Shigella
- Wikipedia's article - Shigella
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