Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii (pronounced: kɒksiˈɛlə bɜːrˈniːtiː) is a Gram-negative bacteria that is the causative agent of Q fever. The bacteria is named after Herald R. Cox, who isolated it during a 1937 outbreak of Q fever in Guinea pigs.
Etymology
The genus name Coxiella is derived from the name of Herald R. Cox. The species name burnetii is named after Frank Macfarlane Burnet, an Australian immunologist.
Characteristics
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular pathogen, and is resistant to heat, drying, and many common disinfectants which enables the bacteria to survive in a spore-like form.
Infection and Symptoms
Infection with Coxiella burnetii can lead to Q fever, which can present as either acute or chronic illness. Acute Q fever usually presents with flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, sweating, headache, myalgia, and fatigue. Chronic Q fever is less common but can lead to more serious complications such as endocarditis.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infection is usually based on serology, as the bacteria is difficult to culture. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics, with doxycycline being the most commonly used.
Prevention
Prevention of Q fever involves reducing exposure to the bacteria, particularly in occupations at risk, such as farming, veterinary medicine, and laboratory work. A vaccine is available in some countries for those at high risk.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Coxiella burnetii
- Wikipedia's article - Coxiella burnetii
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