Yersinia

A genus of bacteria that includes several pathogenic species

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague

Yersinia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This genus includes several species that are pathogenic to humans, most notably Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague.

Taxonomy

The genus Yersinia was named after the French bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, who discovered Yersinia pestis in 1894. The genus comprises several species, including:

• Yersinia pestis
• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Pathogenic Species

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis is the most infamous species of the genus, known for causing the bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas that live on rodents. The bacterium is characterized by its ability to survive and proliferate in the lymphatic system, leading to the formation of swollen lymph nodes known as buboes.

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water, and it can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. This species is notable for its ability to grow at low temperatures, which allows it to proliferate in refrigerated foods.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is less common but can cause mesenteric lymphadenitis, which mimics appendicitis. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water, similar to Yersinia enterocolitica.

Morphology and Physiology

Yersinia species are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen. They are rod-shaped and exhibit bipolar staining, which gives them a characteristic "safety pin" appearance under the microscope.

Epidemiology

The distribution of Yersinia species varies globally. Yersinia pestis is primarily found in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, where it persists in rodent populations. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are more widespread and can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and animals.

Prevention and Control

Preventing infections caused by Yersinia species involves measures such as improving sanitation, controlling rodent populations, and ensuring food safety. Vaccines are available for Yersinia pestis, but they are primarily used for high-risk populations.

Related pages

• Bacteria
• Plague (disease)
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Infectious disease