Personalized medicine

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Personalized Medicine

Personalized medicine (pronunciation: /ˌpɜːrsəˈnaɪzd ˈmɛdɪsɪn/), also known as precision medicine, is a medical model that separates people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease.

Etymology

The term "personalized medicine" is believed to have first appeared in printed media in the late 1990s, with the inception of the Human Genome Project. The term "precision medicine" is a newer term, which has a similar meaning, and is becoming increasingly more common.

Definition

Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with medical decisions, treatments, practices, or products being tailored to the individual patient. In this model, diagnostic testing is often employed for selecting appropriate and optimal therapies based on the context of a patient’s genetic content or other molecular or cellular analysis. Tools employed in personalized medicine can include molecular diagnostics, medical imaging, and analytics.

Related Terms

  • Genomics: The study of all of a person's genes (the genome), including interactions of those genes with each other and with the person's environment.
  • Pharmacogenomics: The study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. This relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person's genetic makeup.
  • Molecular Diagnostics: A collection of techniques used to analyse biological markers in the genome and proteome.
  • Medical Imaging: The technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention.

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