Narcotics
Narcotics
Narcotics (/nɑːrˈkɒtɪks/) are a class of drugs that have pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties. The term is derived from the Greek word narkō, meaning "to make numb or stupefy".
Etymology
The term "narcotic" is derived from the Greek word narkō, which means "to make numb or stupefy". It was first used in the English language in the 15th century to describe substances that dull the senses and induce sleep.
Types of Narcotics
Narcotics can be divided into two main categories: Opioids and Non-opioids. Opioids are derived from the opium poppy, while non-opioids are synthetic substances made in a laboratory.
Opioids
Opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, and many others.
Non-opioids
Non-opioids are a group of drugs that are not derived from the opium poppy. They include drugs such as ketamine, methadone, and dextropropoxyphene.
Effects of Narcotics
Narcotics work by binding to receptors in the brain, which blocks the feeling of pain. They can induce a state of euphoria, relaxation, and in higher doses, can cause drowsiness, confusion, and unconsciousness.
Related Terms
- Analgesic: A drug that relieves pain.
- Depressant: A drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain.
- Addiction: A brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
- Withdrawal: The group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Narcotics
- Wikipedia's article - Narcotics
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