PNU-142633: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:49, 11 December 2024

PNU-142633 is a chemical compound that has been studied for its potential effects on the central nervous system. It is classified as a dopamine receptor agonist, specifically targeting the D4 subtype of dopamine receptors. This compound has been of interest in the field of neuropharmacology due to its potential therapeutic applications in treating psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Chemical Properties[edit]

PNU-142633 is a synthetic compound with the chemical formula C₁₉H₂₁ClN₂O. It is characterized by its selective affinity for the D4 dopamine receptor, which distinguishes it from other dopamine receptor agonists that may have broader activity across multiple receptor subtypes.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

PNU-142633 acts as an agonist at the D4 dopamine receptor, which is one of the five subtypes of dopamine receptors (D1-D5). The D4 receptor is primarily expressed in the prefrontal cortex, a region of the brain associated with cognition, decision making, and behavioral control. By selectively activating the D4 receptor, PNU-142633 may modulate dopaminergic signaling in this area, potentially leading to improvements in cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with certain psychiatric conditions.

Research and Development[edit]

Research on PNU-142633 has primarily focused on its potential use in treating schizophrenia and ADHD. In preclinical studies, PNU-142633 has shown promise in modulating dopaminergic activity without the side effects commonly associated with non-selective dopamine receptor agonists. However, clinical trials are necessary to fully understand its efficacy and safety profile in humans.

Potential Therapeutic Applications[edit]

The selective action of PNU-142633 on the D4 receptor makes it a candidate for treating disorders where dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling is implicated. In schizophrenia, for example, D4 receptor agonists may help alleviate symptoms such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. In ADHD, enhancing dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex could improve attention and reduce hyperactivity.

Challenges and Considerations[edit]

While PNU-142633 shows potential, there are challenges in developing it as a therapeutic agent. The specificity of its action requires careful consideration of dosing and potential off-target effects. Additionally, the complexity of dopamine receptor interactions in the brain necessitates comprehensive studies to ensure that selective D4 receptor activation does not lead to unintended consequences.

Also see[edit]

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-[[File:PNU-142633.svg|thumb|PNU-142633.svg]] {{Short description|Experimental drug}}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:PNU-142633}}
-{{Infobox drug
-| IUPAC_name = (2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
+[[File:PNU-142633.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of PNU-142633]]
-| image =
-| width =
+'''PNU-142633''' is a chemical compound that has been studied for its potential effects on the [[central nervous system]]. It is classified as a [[dopamine receptor]] agonist, specifically targeting the [[D4 receptor|D4 subtype]] of dopamine receptors. This compound has been of interest in the field of [[neuropharmacology]] due to its potential therapeutic applications in treating [[psychiatric disorders]] such as [[schizophrenia]] and [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD).
-| alt =
-| legal_status =
+==Chemical Properties==
-| routes_of_administration =
+PNU-142633 is a synthetic compound with the chemical formula C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>21</sub>ClN<sub>2</sub>O. It is characterized by its selective affinity for the D4 dopamine receptor, which distinguishes it from other dopamine receptor agonists that may have broader activity across multiple receptor subtypes.
-| bioavailability =
-| protein_bound =
+==Mechanism of Action==
-| metabolism =
+PNU-142633 acts as an agonist at the D4 dopamine receptor, which is one of the five subtypes of dopamine receptors (D1-D5). The D4 receptor is primarily expressed in the [[prefrontal cortex]], a region of the brain associated with [[cognition]], [[decision making]], and [[behavioral control]]. By selectively activating the D4 receptor, PNU-142633 may modulate dopaminergic signaling in this area, potentially leading to improvements in cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with certain psychiatric conditions.
-| elimination_half-life =
-| excretion =
+==Research and Development==
-| CAS_number = 220551-92-8
+Research on PNU-142633 has primarily focused on its potential use in treating schizophrenia and ADHD. In preclinical studies, PNU-142633 has shown promise in modulating dopaminergic activity without the side effects commonly associated with non-selective dopamine receptor agonists. However, clinical trials are necessary to fully understand its efficacy and safety profile in humans.
-| ATC_prefix =
-| ATC_suffix =
+==Potential Therapeutic Applications==
-| PubChem = 6918495
+The selective action of PNU-142633 on the D4 receptor makes it a candidate for treating disorders where dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling is implicated. In schizophrenia, for example, D4 receptor agonists may help alleviate symptoms such as [[cognitive deficits]] and [[negative symptoms]]. In ADHD, enhancing dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex could improve attention and reduce hyperactivity.
-| DrugBank =
-| ChemSpiderID = 5293730
+==Challenges and Considerations==
-| UNII =
+While PNU-142633 shows potential, there are challenges in developing it as a therapeutic agent. The specificity of its action requires careful consideration of dosing and potential off-target effects. Additionally, the complexity of dopamine receptor interactions in the brain necessitates comprehensive studies to ensure that selective D4 receptor activation does not lead to unintended consequences.
-| KEGG =
-| ChEMBL = 2103870
+==Also see==
-| synonyms =
+* [[Dopamine receptor]]
-| C=26 | H=24 | Cl=2 | N=4 | O=5
+* [[D4 receptor]]
-| smiles = C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C(C(=O)CN)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=C(C=CC=C4)Cl
+* [[Schizophrenia]]
-| StdInChI = 1S/C26H24Cl2N4O5/c27-17-7-3-6-16(14-17)24(38)32-21(25(39)40)20(15-4-1-2-5-18(15)28)23(37)31-19(26(41)42)13-30-22(32)12-29-9-8-11-10-29/h1-7,9-11,14,19-21,30,37-38H,8,12-13H2,(H,31,37)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)/t19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
+* [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]
-| StdInChIKey = QXQXKXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQXQ
+* [[Neuropharmacology]]
+{{Receptor pharmacology}}
+{{Dopaminergics}}
+[[Category:Dopamine receptor agonists]]
+[[Category:Experimental drugs]]
+[[Category:Neuropharmacology]]