Ion channel
Ion Channel
An Ion Channel (pronounced: /ˈaɪ.ɒn ˈtʃæn.əl/) is a pore-forming protein that helps in establishing and controlling the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of all living cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells.
Etymology
The term "Ion Channel" is derived from the Greek word 'ion' which means 'going', and the English word 'channel', which refers to a passage or conduit. The term thus refers to a pathway through which ions can 'go' or move.
Types of Ion Channels
There are several types of ion channels, including:
- Voltage-gated ion channels: These channels open or close in response to changes in membrane potential.
- Ligand-gated ion channels: These channels open or close in response to a specific ligand molecule binding to the protein.
- Mechanically-gated ion channels: These channels open or close in response to mechanical deformation of the cell membrane.
Function
Ion channels have several functions, including:
- Establishing a resting membrane potential
- Shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane
- Controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells
- Regulating cell volume
Ion channels are also involved in a variety of diseases, known as channelopathies. These include cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, and various cardiac diseases.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ion channel
- Wikipedia's article - Ion channel
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