Dopexamine
Dopexamine is a synthetic analogue of dopamine that is administered intravenously in hospitals to reduce inflammation and to treat severe heart failure and acute kidney injury. Its primary use is in hospitals, where it is usually administered as a continuous intravenous infusion.
Pharmacology
Dopexamine stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors and, to a lesser extent, beta-1 adrenergic receptors, with the effect of reducing systemic vascular resistance. It also stimulates dopamine receptors in the kidneys, increasing urine output, which is beneficial in preventing renal failure. Dopexamine has no significant action on alpha adrenergic receptors, so it does not cause vasoconstriction.
Clinical Use
Dopexamine is used primarily in the treatment of heart failure and acute kidney injury. It is also used in the management of low cardiac output syndrome, particularly following cardiac surgery. Dopexamine has been shown to reduce the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of dopexamine include tachycardia, hypotension, and arrhythmia. Less common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Rare but serious side effects include myocardial ischemia and ventricular fibrillation.
Contraindications
Dopexamine is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, as it may provoke a hypertensive crisis. It is also contraindicated in patients with uncorrected tachyarrhythmia or ventricular fibrillation.
See Also
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