Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) /sɪˈlɛktɪv sɛrəˈtoʊnɪn riːˈʌptɪk ɪnˈhɪbɪtər/ are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The exact etymology is unknown, but the term is derived from the drug's mechanism of action.

Mechanism of action

SSRIs are believed to increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. They have varying degrees of selectivity for the other monoamine transporters, with pure SSRIs having only weak affinity for the norepinephrine and dopamine transporters.

Medical uses

SSRIs are primarily classified as antidepressants. They are particularly effective in treating major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Side effects

Common side effects of SSRIs include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction. More serious side effects may include an increased risk of suicide in those less than 25 years old and serotonin syndrome.