Olive oil
Olive oil
Olive oil (/ˈɒlɪv ɔɪl/) is a liquid obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, produced by pressing whole olives and extracting the oil.
Etymology
The term "olive oil" is derived from the Old French olei, the Latin oleum meaning "oil", and the Greek elaion meaning "olive".
Production
Olive oil is produced by grinding olives and extracting the oil by mechanical or chemical means. The process is generally as follows: The olives are ground into paste using large millstones (traditional method) or steel drums (modern method). The paste is then spread on fiber disks, which are stacked on top of each other in a column, then placed into the press. Pressure is then applied onto the column to separate the vegetal liquid from the paste. This liquid still contains a significant amount of water. Finally, by using a centrifuge, the water is separated from the oil.
Types of Olive Oil
There are several types of olive oil, each with their unique characteristics and uses. These include:
- Extra Virgin Olive Oil: This is the highest quality olive oil. It is made from pure, cold-pressed olives.
- Virgin Olive Oil: Also a first-press oil, virgin olive oil has slightly higher levels of acidity than extra virgin olive oil.
- Pure Olive Oil: This oil is a blend of cold-pressed and processed oils. It is less expensive than virgin or extra virgin olive oil and has a lighter flavor and color.
- Pomace Olive Oil: This type of oil is very low quality and is made from the residue left after all the oil and water have been pressed out of the olives.
Health Benefits
Olive oil is known for its health benefits, particularly when it comes to heart health. It is rich in monounsaturated fats, which can help reduce levels of bad cholesterol and lower the risk of heart disease and stroke. It also contains antioxidants, which can help fight inflammation and reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer.
Culinary Uses
Olive oil is a staple in the Mediterranean diet and is used in a variety of dishes. It can be used for sautéing, grilling, roasting, and baking. It is also commonly used in salad dressings and marinades.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Olive oil
- Wikipedia's article - Olive oil
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