Hypnotics

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Hypnotics

Hypnotics (pronounced: /hɪpˈnɒtɪks/) are a class of drugs that are used to induce sleep, often used in the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders. The term is derived from the Greek word "hypnos", meaning sleep.

Etymology

The term "hypnotic" comes from the Greek word "hypnos" which means sleep. It was first used in the medical field in the late 19th century to describe substances that induce a state of sleep similar to natural sleep.

Types of Hypnotics

There are several types of hypnotics, including:

  • Benzodiazepines: These are often used for their sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.
  • Nonbenzodiazepines: These are a class of psychoactive drugs that are very similar to benzodiazepines in their mechanism of action, but are structurally distinct.
  • Barbiturates: These are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia.
  • Melatonin receptor agonists: These are drugs that bind to and activate the melatonin receptors in the brain, which are involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.

Side Effects

Like all medications, hypnotics can have side effects. These can include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and dependency. It is important to use these medications under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Related Terms

  • Sedatives: These are substances that induce sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
  • Anxiolytics: These are medications that inhibit anxiety.
  • Sleep hygiene: This refers to habits and practices that are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis.

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