Nucleotide

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(Redirected from Nucleotide synthesis)

Nucleotides are chemical compounds, the building blocks of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA.

Ribose structure indicating numbering of carbon atoms. To this is added a phosphate group to make it a nucleotide.

A nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase (nitrogenous base), a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or 2-deoxyribose), and one phosphate group.[1][2] Nucleotides contain either a purine or a pyrimidine base. Ribonucleotides are nucleotides in which the sugar is ribose. Deoxyribonucleotides are nucleotides in which the sugar is deoxyribose.

In DNA, the purine bases are adenine and guanine, while the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. RNA uses uracil in place of thymine. Adenine always pairs with thymine by 2 hydrogen bonds, while guanine pairs with cytosine through 3 hydrogen bonds, each due to their unique structures.

References

  1. ↑ , The ACS style guide: effective communication of scientific information, 3rd edition, Washington, D.C.:American Chemical Society, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8412-3999-9,
  2. ↑ Alberts B et al 2002. Molecular biology of the cell. 4th ed, Garland Science, 120–121. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1


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Nucleotide metabolic intermediates
Purine metabolism
Anabolism
R5P→IMP:
IMP→AMP:
IMP→GMP:
Catabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism



Nucleic acid constituents
Nucleobase
Nucleoside
Nucleotide
(Nucleoside monophosphate)
Nucleoside diphosphate
Nucleoside triphosphate



Purine receptor modulators
Receptor
(ligands)
P0 (adenine)
P1
(adenosine)
* Agonists: 2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine
P2
(nucleotide)
P2X
(ATP )
P2Y
Transporter
(blockers)
Enzyme
(inhibitors)
Others
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD