Para-Methoxyamphetamine

Para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA), also known as 4-methoxyamphetamine, is a serotonin-releasing psychoactive drug of the amphetamine class. It is known for its potentially severe side effects and high toxicity relative to dose, which has led to its classification as a Schedule I drug in the United States and Schedule I in Canada under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

History

PMA was first synthesized in the 1970s, and its psychoactive effects were first noted by Alexander Shulgin in his book PiHKAL. It was initially marketed as a dietary supplement but was soon classified as a controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and the health risks associated with its use.

Pharmacology

PMA acts as a serotonin and norepinephrine releasing agent, with its primary action being on the serotonin system. This results in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and altered perception. However, PMA is also known to inhibit the body's ability to regulate temperature, which can lead to severe hyperthermia and potentially fatal overheating.

Effects

The effects of PMA are similar to those of other amphetamines, but with a significantly higher risk of severe side effects. These can include hyperthermia, seizures, heart failure, and death. Due to its high toxicity, PMA is often associated with overdose deaths, particularly when it is mistaken for other less potent amphetamines like MDMA.

Legal Status

PMA is classified as a Schedule I drug in the United States, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. It is also illegal in many other countries, including Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

See Also

• MDMA
• Amphetamine
• Psychoactive drug
• Alexander Shulgin
• PiHKAL

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