Auto-brewery syndrome

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Auto-brewery syndrome
File:2401 Components of the Digestive System.jpg Digestive system components
Synonyms	Gut fermentation syndrome, endogenous ethanol fermentation
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Intoxication, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, hangover
Complications	Liver disease, pancreatitis
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Overgrowth of yeast in the gastrointestinal tract
Risks	Antibiotic use, diet high in carbohydrates
Diagnosis	Blood alcohol test, stool culture
Differential diagnosis	Alcohol use disorder, metabolic disorders
Prevention	Dietary modification, probiotics
Treatment	Antifungal medications, dietary changes
Medication	Fluconazole, nystatin
Prognosis	Variable, depends on management
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Auto-brewery Syndrome

File:2401 Components of the Digestive System.jpg

Components of the Digestive System

File:Ethanol fermentation.jpg

Ethanol fermentation process

Auto-brewery syndrome, also known as gut fermentation syndrome, is a rare medical condition in which intoxicating quantities of ethanol are produced through endogenous fermentation within the digestive system. This condition can lead to symptoms of intoxication without the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Pathophysiology

Auto-brewery syndrome occurs when certain types of yeast or bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract ferment carbohydrates into ethanol. The most commonly implicated organism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of yeast that is also used in baking and brewing. Other organisms, such as Candida albicans, have also been associated with this condition. The fermentation process is similar to the ethanol fermentation used in brewing, where sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In individuals with auto-brewery syndrome, this process occurs within the digestive system, leading to elevated blood alcohol levels.

Symptoms

Symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome can vary but often include:

• Dizziness
• Disorientation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Headaches
• Flushing
• Hangover-like symptoms
• Mood changes

These symptoms can occur after consuming carbohydrate-rich meals, as the carbohydrates are fermented into alcohol.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing auto-brewery syndrome can be challenging due to its rarity and the variability of symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves:

• Monitoring blood alcohol levels over time, especially after carbohydrate consumption.
• Stool cultures to identify yeast or bacteria responsible for fermentation.
• Dietary history to identify potential triggers.

Treatment

Treatment for auto-brewery syndrome may include:

• Dietary modifications to reduce carbohydrate intake.
• Antifungal or antibiotic medications to reduce the population of fermenting organisms in the gut.
• Probiotics to restore normal gut flora.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many individuals with auto-brewery syndrome can manage their symptoms effectively. However, the condition can be chronic and may require ongoing management.

Also see

• Ethanol fermentation
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Candida albicans
• Digestive system

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