Pseudomembranous colitis
Pseudomembranous colitis (pronounced: soo-doh-mem-bruh-nuhs koh-lie-tis) is a condition of the colon (large intestine) characterized by inflammation and the formation of pseudomembranes on the intestinal lining.
Etymology
The term "Pseudomembranous colitis" is derived from the Greek words "pseudēs" (false), "membrana" (membrane), and "kolon" (colon).
Definition
Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe form of diarrhea caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. It is often associated with antibiotic use, which disrupts the normal balance of bacteria in the colon, allowing C. difficile to proliferate and produce toxins that cause inflammation and damage to the colon lining.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can range from mild to severe and may include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as toxic megacolon or sepsis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis is typically confirmed through stool tests to detect C. difficile toxins or by colonoscopy to visualize the pseudomembranes.
Treatment
Treatment typically involves discontinuing the antibiotic that caused the condition and starting a course of antibiotics that are effective against C. difficile, such as metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the affected portion of the colon.
Related Terms
- Clostridium difficile
- Diarrhea
- Colonoscopy
- Toxic megacolon
- Sepsis
- Metronidazole
- Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pseudomembranous colitis
- Wikipedia's article - Pseudomembranous colitis
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