Basal-cell carcinoma
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Basal-cell carcinoma | |
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Synonyms | Basal-cell cancer, basal cell epithelioma |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Skin lesion that may appear as a shiny bump, a reddish patch, or a sore that does not heal |
Complications | Rarely metastasizes, but can cause significant local destruction |
Onset | Most commonly in adulthood |
Duration | Chronic |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Ultraviolet light exposure, genetic predisposition |
Risks | Sun exposure, fair skin, radiation therapy, immunosuppression |
Diagnosis | Skin biopsy |
Differential diagnosis | Squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, sebaceous carcinoma |
Prevention | Sun protection, avoiding tanning beds |
Treatment | Surgical excision, Mohs surgery, cryosurgery, topical chemotherapy |
Medication | N/A |
Prognosis | Excellent with treatment, but can recur |
Frequency | Most common form of skin cancer |
Deaths | N/A |
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it. It may also present as a raised area with ulceration.[1] BCC grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it, but it is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death.
Causes and Risk Factors
Basal-cell carcinoma is primarily caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. Other risk factors include having light-colored or freckled skin, a personal or family history of BCC, chronic skin inflammation or injury, exposure to radiation or arsenic, and immunosuppression.[2]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of BCC often involves a skin examination, followed by a skin biopsy if a lesion is suspected to be cancerous.[3]
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the size, location, and number of lesions. They may include Mohs surgery, simple excision, curettage and desiccation, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, topical medications, or in some cases, oral medications such as hedgehog pathway inhibitors.[4]
Prognosis
While BCC is slow-growing and rarely metastasizes, it can cause significant cosmetic damage and functional impairment, especially when located near the eyes, ears, or nose. Early detection and treatment can reduce the risk of recurrence and prevent complications.[5]
Prevention
Prevention strategies include reducing sun exposure, using sunscreen, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin self-examinations can also help detect this cancer at an early stage.[6]
See Also
References
- ↑ What Is Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer?(link). American Cancer Society. Accessed 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Basal cell carcinoma(link). Mayo Clinic. Accessed 2023-05-04.
- ↑ How Is Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Diagnosed?(link). American Cancer Society. Accessed 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Basal cell carcinoma - Diagnosis and treatment(link). Mayo Clinic. Accessed 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Basal cell carcinoma: Diagnosis and treatment(link). American Academy of Dermatology Association. Accessed 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Prevention Tips(link). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 2023-05-04.
External Links
- Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer - American Cancer Society
- Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma) - Cancer.Net
- Basal Cell Carcinoma - American Academy of Dermatology Association
Further Reading
- Kimonis VE, Goldstein AM, Pastakia B, et al. (1991). "Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 41 (3): 250–62.
- Varga E, Korom I, Rask√≥ I, et al. (2001). "Cryosurgical treatment of eyelid basal cell carcinomas". Cancer Letters. 173 (1): 1–6.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD