Fixed drug reaction

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Fixed drug reaction
Fixed drug eruption on the skin
Synonyms	Fixed drug eruption, fixed drug reaction
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin rash, blisters, hyperpigmentation
Complications	Secondary infection, scarring
Onset	Minutes to hours after drug exposure
Duration	Days to weeks, may recur with re-exposure
Types	N/A
Causes	Drugs such as antibiotics, NSAIDs, anticonvulsants
Risks	Re-exposure to the causative drug
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, patch test
Differential diagnosis	Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Prevention	Avoidance of the causative drug
Treatment	Discontinuation of the drug, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with avoidance of the drug
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Fixed Drug Reaction is a type of adverse drug reaction that occurs in the same site or sites each time a particular drug is administered. Symptoms include redness, itching, and swelling of the skin. The reaction may occur immediately after taking the drug, or it may be delayed.

Causes

Fixed drug reactions are caused by a sensitivity to a specific drug. The exact mechanism of this reaction is not well understood, but it is believed to involve the immune system. Some drugs are more likely to cause fixed drug reactions than others, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anticonvulsants.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a fixed drug reaction is a red, itchy, swollen patch of skin that occurs at the same site each time the drug is taken. Other symptoms may include blisters, hives, and skin discoloration. The reaction may occur immediately after taking the drug, or it may be delayed by several hours or even days.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a fixed drug reaction is primarily based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. The doctor may ask about any drugs the patient has taken recently, and whether the reaction occurred after taking a particular drug. A skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for a fixed drug reaction involves discontinuing the drug that caused the reaction. In some cases, a different drug may be prescribed. Topical creams and ointments may be used to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, oral or injectable corticosteroids may be prescribed.

Prevention

Prevention of fixed drug reactions involves avoiding the drug that caused the reaction. If the drug is necessary for the patient's health, desensitization may be attempted under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

See also

• Adverse drug reaction
• Drug allergy
• Drug eruption

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