Renal cell carcinoma
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| Renal cell carcinoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Hypernephroma, renal adenocarcinoma, kidney cancer |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass, weight loss, fever |
| Complications | Metastasis, paraneoplastic syndrome |
| Onset | Typically between ages 60 and 70 |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma |
| Causes | Smoking, obesity, hypertension, genetic factors |
| Risks | Von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis, family history |
| Diagnosis | CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Transitional cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma |
| Prevention | Smoking cessation, weight management, blood pressure control |
| Treatment | Surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy |
| Medication | Sunitinib, pazopanib, nivolumab, ipilimumab |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on stage and grade |
| Frequency | Approximately 2-3% of adult cancers |
| Deaths | Approximately 140,000 worldwide annually |
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a type of kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport waste molecules from the blood to the urine.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
The classic triad of hematuria, pain, and an abdominal mass is only present in 10% of cases, and is generally indicative of more advanced disease. Today, most cases of RCC are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally on imaging for other reasons.
Causes[edit]
RCC is associated with several hereditary conditions, including Von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal carcinoma.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of RCC involves a combination of medical imaging (such as CT scanning or ultrasound), blood and urine tests, and often, a biopsy.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for RCC include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for RCC varies widely depending on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
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