Lichen sclerosus

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Lichen sclerosus
Synonyms	Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Dermatology
Symptoms	Itching, pain, skin changes
Complications	Scarring, sexual dysfunction
Onset	Any age, most common in postmenopausal women
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly autoimmune disease
Risks	Genetic predisposition, hormonal changes
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Lichen planus, vitiligo, scleroderma
Prevention	None known
Treatment	Topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressants
Medication	Clobetasol, tacrolimus
Prognosis	Variable, chronic condition
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Micrograph of lichen sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the anogenital region. It is characterized by white, shiny, thin patches of skin that can be easily torn. Although it can occur at any age, it is most common in postmenopausal women. The exact cause of lichen sclerosus is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune response.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lichen sclerosus can vary greatly from person to person. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience severe itching, pain, and skin tearing. The skin may also appear wrinkled or blistered, and in severe cases, it can cause scarring and changes in the normal anatomy of the genital area.

Causes

The exact cause of lichen sclerosus is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune response. This means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Other factors that may contribute to the development of lichen sclerosus include hormonal imbalances and genetic predisposition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lichen sclerosus is typically made based on the appearance of the skin. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as lichen planus and vulvar cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for lichen sclerosus aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent the progression of the disease. This may include the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove scar tissue or to correct changes in the anatomy of the genital area.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lichen sclerosus is generally good. However, the condition is chronic and can cause significant discomfort and distress. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor for potential complications, such as skin cancer.

See also

• Lichen planus
• Vulvar cancer
• Autoimmune disease

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